Extracting light from organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) and improving the angular distribution are essential for their commercial applications in illumination and displays. In this work, hybrid microlens arrays (MLAs) and gratings with periods and depths in the scale of submicron have been designed and incorporated on the lighting surface of OLEDs for simultaneous enhancement of light outcoupling efficiency and angular distribution improvement. It is found that the augmentation of light extraction efficiency is mainly attributed to the MLAs, while the gratings can improve the viewing angle by increasing the angular distribution uniformity. A novel approach was proposed by combining photoresist thermal reflow, soft-lithography and plasma treatments on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) surfaces synergistically to realize gratings on the wavy surface of MLAs. It has been proved that with the hybrid MLAs/gratings, the external quantum efficiency (EQE) of the OLED can reach up to 22.8%, which increased by 24% compared to that of bare OLED. Moreover, the OLED with the hybrid MLAs/gratings showed an obvious lateral enhancement at wider viewing angle.

中文翻译：

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设计和制造混合 MLA/光栅以提高 OLED 的光提取效率和分布均匀性

从有机发光二极管 (OLED) 中提取光并改善角度分布对于它们在照明和显示方面的商业应用至关重要。在这项工作中，混合微透镜阵列 (MLA) 和具有亚微米级周期和深度的光栅已被设计并结合在 OLED 的照明表面上，以同时增强光输出耦合效率和角分布改进。发现光提取效率的增加主要归因于MLA，而光栅可以通过增加角度分布均匀性来改善视角。提出了一种结合光刻胶热回流的新方法，在聚二甲基硅氧烷 (PDMS) 表面上进行软光刻和等离子体处理协同处理，以在 MLA 的波浪形表面上实现光栅。已经证明，使用混合MLA/光栅，OLED的外量子效率（EQE）可以达到22.8%，比裸OLED提高了24%。此外，具有混合 MLA/光栅的 OLED 在更宽的视角下显示出明显的横向增强。