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On the importance of Ca ii photoionization by the hydrogen lyman transitions in solar flare models
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society ( IF 4.7 ) Pub Date : 2021-07-27 , DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stab2156
C M J Osborne 1 , P Heinzel 2 , J Kašparová 2 , L Fletcher 1, 3
Affiliation  

The forward fitting of solar flare observations with radiation–hydrodynamic simulations is a common technique for learning about energy deposition and atmospheric evolution during these explosive events. A frequent spectral line choice for this process is Ca ii 854.2 nm due to its formation in the chromosphere and substantial variability. It is important to ensure that this line is accurately modelled to obtain the correct interpretation of observations. Here, we investigate the importance of photoionization of Ca ii to Ca iii by the hydrogen Lyman transitions, whilst the Lyman continuum is typically considered in this context in simulations, the associated bound–bound transitions are not. This investigation uses two RADYN flare simulations and reprocesses the radiative transfer using the Lightweaver framework which accounts for the overlapping of all active transitions. The Ca ii 854.2 nm line profiles are found to vary significantly due to photoionization by the Lyman lines, showing notably different shapes and even reversed asymmetries. Finally, we investigate to what extent these effects modify the energy balance of the simulation and the implications on future radiation–hydrodynamic simulations. There is found to be a 10–15 per cent change in detailed optically thick radiative losses from considering these photoionization effects on the calcium lines in the two simulations presented, demonstrating the importance of considering these effects in a self-consistent way.

中文翻译:

关于太阳耀斑模型中氢莱曼跃迁对 Ca ii 光电离的重要性

用辐射流体动力学模拟对太阳耀斑观测进行正向拟合是了解这些爆炸事件期间能量沉积和大气演化的常用技术。该过程的常见谱线选择是 Ca ii 854.2 nm,因为它在色球中形成并且具有很大的可变性。重要的是要确保准确地模拟这条线以获得对观察结果的正确解释。在这里,我们研究了通过氢莱曼跃迁将 Ca ii 光电离为 Ca iii 的重要性,而在模拟中通常在这种情况下考虑莱曼连续体,而不是相关的束缚跃迁。本研究使用两个 RADYN 耀斑模拟,并使用 Lightweaver 框架重新处理辐射传输,该框架解释了所有活动跃迁的重叠。发现 Ca ii 854.2 nm 线轮廓由于莱曼线的光电离而发生显着变化,显示出明显不同的形状甚至反向不对称。最后,我们研究了这些效应在多大程度上改变了模拟的能量平衡以及对未来辐射-流体动力学模拟的影响。在所呈现的两个模拟中,考虑到这些对钙线的光电离效应,发现详细的光学厚辐射损失发生了 10-15% 的变化,这表明以自洽的方式考虑这些效应的重要性。由于莱曼线的光电离作用,发现 2 nm 线轮廓有显着差异,显示出明显不同的形状,甚至是反向不对称。最后,我们研究了这些效应在多大程度上改变了模拟的能量平衡以及对未来辐射-流体动力学模拟的影响。在所呈现的两个模拟中,考虑到这些对钙线的光电离效应,发现详细的光学厚辐射损失发生了 10-15% 的变化,这表明以自洽的方式考虑这些效应的重要性。由于莱曼线的光电离作用,发现 2 nm 线轮廓有显着差异,显示出明显不同的形状,甚至是反向不对称。最后,我们研究了这些效应在多大程度上改变了模拟的能量平衡以及对未来辐射-流体动力学模拟的影响。在所呈现的两个模拟中,考虑到这些对钙线的光电离效应,发现详细的光学厚辐射损失发生了 10-15% 的变化,这表明以自洽的方式考虑这些效应的重要性。我们研究了这些影响在多大程度上改变了模拟的能量平衡以及对未来辐射-流体动力学模拟的影响。在所呈现的两个模拟中,考虑到这些对钙线的光电离效应,发现详细的光学厚辐射损失发生了 10-15% 的变化,这表明以自洽的方式考虑这些效应的重要性。我们研究了这些影响在多大程度上改变了模拟的能量平衡以及对未来辐射-流体动力学模拟的影响。在所呈现的两个模拟中,考虑到这些对钙线的光电离效应,发现详细的光学厚辐射损失发生了 10-15% 的变化,这表明以自洽的方式考虑这些效应的重要性。
更新日期:2021-07-27
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