ABSTRACT

A recently introduced quantitative framework for gut microbiota analysis indicated that microbial load alterations can be linked to various diseases, making it essential to pinpoint its determinants. We identified nutrient load as a main driver of the quantitative microbial community composition and functionality in vitro by stepwise decreasing standardized feed concentrations from 100% to 33%, 20% and 10% in 5-day intervals. While the proportional composition and metabolic profile were mainly determined by the inter-individual variability (35% and 41%), nutrient load accounted for 58%, 23% and 65% of the observed variation in the microbial load, quantitative composition and net daily metabolite production, respectively. After the 10-fold nutrient reduction, the microbial load decreased by 79.72 ± 9% and 82.96 ± 1.66% in the proximal and distal colon, respectively, while the net total short-chain fatty acid production dropped by 79.42 ± 4.42% and 84.58 ± 2.42%, respectively. The majority of microbial taxa quantitatively decreased, whereas a select group of nutritional specialists, such as Akkermansia muciniphila and Bilophila wadsworthia, and a number of opportunistic pathogens remained unaffected. This shows that nutrient load is an important driver of the human gut microbiome and should be considered in future in vitro and in vivo dietary research.

中文翻译：

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在人类肠道微生物生态系统模拟器中，营养负荷是肠道微生物群负荷、群落组成和代谢功能的驱动因素

摘要

最近引入的肠道微生物群分析定量框架表明，微生物负荷的变化可能与各种疾病有关，因此确定其决定因素至关重要。我们确定营养负荷是体外定量微生物群落组成和功能的主要驱动因素通过以 5 天为间隔逐步降低标准化饲料浓度从 100% 到 33%、20% 和 10%。虽然比例组成和代谢特征主要由个体间变异性（35% 和 41%）决定，但营养负荷占观察到的微生物负荷、定量组成和净日变化的 58%、23% 和 65%代谢物的产生，分别。营养减少10倍后，近端和远端结肠的微生物负荷分别下降了79.72±9%和82.96±1.66%，而短链脂肪酸的净总产量分别下降了79.42±4.42%和84.58±分别为 2.42%。大多数微生物分类群数量减少，而一些营养专家，如Akkermansia muciniphila和Bilophila wadsworthia和一些机会性病原体未受影响。这表明营养负荷是人类肠道微生物组的重要驱动因素，应在未来的体外和体内饮食研究中加以考虑。