Helping may be motivated by a variety of reasons, including the desire of helpers to enhance the power of the ingroup and diminish the power of the outgroup. Accordingly, receiving unsolicited assistance from an outgroup member is often responded to negatively by ingroup members because it can undermine feelings of the efficacy of one's group and ultimately threaten the position of one's group relative to the helper's group. The present research explored how a sense of control, induced incidentally, can ameliorate such negative consequences of being helped. Two studies employed a minimal group paradigm and examined the response to an offer of help from a member of another group (Experiments 1 and 2) compared to an offer from a member of the same group (Experiment 2). The results of these two experiments converged to reveal that having the opportunity to exert control, even incidentally, can ameliorate negative responses to an outgroup helper and to the outgroup as a whole. These findings have both theoretical and practical implications. Identifying factors, such as control, that can promote the acceptance of assistance from members of other groups can complement previous work focusing on influences that exacerbate negative reactions to help, providing a more comprehensive understanding of intergroup helping relations and informing interventions to improve relations between groups.

中文翻译：

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对外群帮助的反应：帮助类型和控制感的作用

帮助的动机可能有多种，包括帮助者希望增强内群体的力量和削弱外群体的力量。因此，接受外群体成员主动提供的帮助往往会遭到内群体成员的负面回应，因为这会破坏一个人对自己所在团体的效力的感觉，并最终威胁到自己所在团体相对于帮助者所在团体的地位。目前的研究探索了一种偶然产生的控制感如何改善这种被帮助的负面后果。两项研究采用了最小群体范式，并检查了对另一组成员（实验 1 和 2）与同一组成员（实验 2）提供帮助的反应。这两个实验的结果汇合在一起表明，有机会施加控制，即使是偶然的，也可以改善对外群体助手和整个外群体的负面反应。这些发现具有理论和实践意义。确定可以促进其他群体成员接受援助的因素，如控制，可以补充以前的工作，重点是加剧对帮助的负面反应的影响，提供对群体间互助关系的更全面的理解，并为改善群体之间的关系提供干预措施.