Organic matter (OM) and enzymes activity can act as indicators of the time and level of soil contamination with heavy metal. The goal of this study is evaluation of the effect of chronic long-term soil contamination with Cu on OM and biological activity in Spolic Technosols. The monitoring plot is located in the zone of industrial wastewater storage and sludge reservoirs in the Seversky Donets River flood plain. The total amount of Cu in the investigated soils varied greatly from 52 to 437 mg/kg. The results of Cu sequential fractionation the contaminated soil have shown that the chemical fraction composition of metal changed when the soil contamination level increased. The amount of Cu compounds associated with OM and Fe and Mn oxides was also higher. Fractions of OM from the humic and fulvic acids groups were studied. Soil was subjected to extraction with cold and hot water, and the content of water-soluble OM (WSOM) was determined. An increased solubility of humic and fulvic acids as well as elevated content of cold and hot extraction WSOM was established. The cold-extracted amount of WSOM increased with an enhance in the Cu content. The long-term contamination of soil with Cu leads to an adaptation of microorganisms to this adverse environmental factor, and this adaptation is manifested in the WSOM content increase. The effect of Cu contamination on microbiological activity was assessed by plate-counting culturable microorganisms and determining urease and dehydrogenase enzymatic activity. A high level of soil contamination with Cu showed a noticeable negative effect on the number of soil bacteria; however, active and potentially active bacteria were observed even in the highly contaminated soils. The changes in soil OM and microbial communities caused by Cu pollution can lead to disruption of ecosystem functioning.

有机物（OM）和酶活性可以作为土壤重金属污染时间和水平的指标。本研究的目的是评估长期长期土壤铜污染对 Spolic Technosols 中 OM 和生物活性的影响。监测地块位于塞维尔斯基顿涅茨河漫滩的工业废水储存区和污泥库区。调查土壤中铜的总量变化很大，从 52 到 437 毫克/千克。对污染土壤进行Cu连续分馏的结果表明，随着土壤污染程度的增加，金属的化学组分组成发生了变化。与 OM 和 Fe 和 Mn 氧化物相关的 Cu 化合物的量也较高。研究了腐植酸和富里酸组的 OM 分数。用冷热水对土壤进行萃取，测定水溶性有机物（WSOM）的含量。腐殖酸和富里酸的溶解度增加，冷热萃取 WSOM 含量增加。WSOM的冷萃取量随着Cu含量的增加而增加。土壤长期受铜污染导致微生物对这种不利环境因素的适应，这种适应表现在 WSOM 含量的增加上。通过对可培养微生物进行平板计数并确定脲酶和脱氢酶的酶活性来评估铜污染对微生物活性的影响。高水平的铜污染土壤对土壤细菌数量有明显的负面影响；然而，即使在高度污染的土壤中也观察到活性和潜在活性细菌。铜污染引起的土壤有机质和微生物群落的变化会导致生态系统功能的破坏。