Objectives. This study is aimed at exploring the effects of virtual reality (VR) training on postural control, measured by anticipatory and compensatory postural adjustments (APAs and CPAs, respectively), in patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain (CNLBP) and the potential neuromuscular mechanism of VR training. Methods. Thirty-four patients were recruited and randomly assigned to the VR group (), the motor control exercise group (MCE, ) and the control group (CG, ). The VR group received VR training using Kinect Xbox 360 systems and magnetic therapy. Besides magnetic therapy, the participants in the MCE group performed real-time ultrasound-guided abdominal drawing-in maneuver (ADIM) and four-point kneeling exercise. The CG only received magnetic therapy. Surface muscle electromyography (sEMG) was used to record the muscle activities of transverse abdominis (TrA), multifidus (MF), lateral gastrocnemius (LG), and tibialis anterior (TA) during ball-hitting tasks. The muscle activation time and integrals of the electromyography activities (IEMGs) during the APA and CPA stages were calculated and used in the data analysis. The visual analogue scale (VAS) and Oswestry dysfunction index (ODI) scores were also recorded. Results. A significant interaction effect of was observed on the activation time of TrA () and MF (). The post-intervention activation time of the TrA was earlier in the VR group (). In contrast, the post-intervention activation time of the MF was significantly delayed in the VR group (). The IEMGs of TrA () and TA () during CPA1 significantly decreased only in the VR group after the intervention. The VAS scores of three group participants showed significant decreases after intervention (). Conclusions. Patients with CNLBP showed reciprocal muscle activation patterns of the TrA and MF muscles after VR training. VR training may be a potential intervention for enhancing the APAs of the patients with CNLBP.

中文翻译：

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虚拟现实训练对慢性非特异性腰痛患者预期姿势调整的影响：一项初步研究

目标。本研究旨在探索虚拟现实 (VR) 训练对慢性非特异性腰痛 (CNLBP) 患者的姿势控制的影响，通过预期和补偿性姿势调整（分别为 APA 和 CPA）以及潜在的神经肌肉机制来衡量虚拟现实培训。方法。招募了 34 名患者并随机分配到 VR 组（），运动控制运动组（MCE，)和对照组 (CG,）。VR 小组接受了使用 Kinect Xbox 360 系统和磁疗的 VR 培训。除了磁疗外，MCE 组的参与者还进行了实时超声引导的腹部收腹动作 (ADIM) 和四点跪姿运动。CG只接受了磁疗。表面肌电图 (sEMG) 用于记录击球任务期间腹横肌 (TrA)、多裂肌 (MF)、腓肠肌外侧肌 (LG) 和胫骨前肌 (TA) 的肌肉活动。计算了 APA 和 CPA 阶段的肌肉激活时间和肌电图活动 (IEMG) 积分，并将其用于数据分析。还记录了视觉模拟评分（VAS）和 Oswestry 功能障碍指数（ODI）评分。结果. 显着的交互作用 在 TrA 的激活时间上观察到 ()和中频 (）。VR组TrA的干预后激活时间较早（）。相比之下，在 VR 组中，MF 的干预后激活时间显着延迟（）。TrA 的 IEMG ()和 TA () CPA1 期间仅在干预后 VR 组显着下降。三组参与者的VAS评分在干预后显着下降（）。 结论。CNLBP 患者在 VR 训练后表现出 TrA 和 MF 肌肉的相互肌肉激活模式。VR 训练可能是增强 CNLBP 患者 APA 的潜在干预措施。