What explains the gender gap in collective political activism in the Muslims world? Under what conditions do Muslim women actively engage in mass political activism? Utilizing the World Values Survey (2010–2012; n = 19,616) and shifting the theoretical focus on the largely ignored meso-level of analysis of organizational effects, this study conducts a two-level analysis to (1) chart and reassess the gender gap and (2) analyze the extent to which the gender gap shapes collective political activism in 16 Muslim-majority states. It probes the variation of protest engagement of women at individual, institutional, and state levels. Our findings suggest that while men appear more likely, on average, to engage in collective action, women with high associational social capital appear more likely than women and men without such capital to embark on collective protests in Muslim-majority states. Notably, active engagement in civil society social networks emerges as a robust predictor of political engagement, suggesting that associational social capital remains an important factor of motivation and vehicle for mass political activism, particularly among Muslim women.

中文翻译：

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评估穆斯林妇女的权力：伊斯兰主义、政治参与和性别差距

什么解释了穆斯林世界集体政治活动中的性别差距？穆斯林妇女在什么条件下积极参与群众政治活动？利用世界价值观调查（2010-2012；n = 19,616) 并将理论重点转移到在很大程度上被忽视的组织影响分析的中观水平上，本研究进行了两级分析，以 (1) 绘制并重新评估性别差距和 (2) 分析性别差异的程度差距塑造了 16 个穆斯林占多数的国家的集体政治激进主义。它探讨了女性在个人、机构和国家层面的抗议参与的变化。我们的研究结果表明，虽然平均而言，男性似乎更有可能参与集体行动，但在穆斯林占多数的国家，具有高协会社会资本的女性似乎比没有这种资本的女性和男性更有可能开始集体抗议。值得注意的是，公民社会社交网络的积极参与成为政治参与的有力预测指标，