Emergency Medical Service (EMS) providers make decisions such as selecting ambulance station locations and ambulance dispatch policies; these decisions can be made effectively with the aid of optimisation and simulation models. We have developed JEMSS – a Julia (programming language) package for Emergency Medical Services Simulation – to allow for performance evaluation and optimisation of decisions or policies for problems arising in EMS operations and strategic planning. To the best of our knowledge this is the first free and open-source EMS simulation and optimisation package, which incorporates integer programming optimisation, heuristic local search, and simulation capabilities. The decision protocols used for ambulance dispatch and dynamic redeployment during a simulation run are flexible and easy to customize. Analytical optimisation models relevant to EMS decision-making are included, such as for station location and ambulance deployment problems. The simulations run quickly, requiring less than a second to simulate 100 days for a realistic city model. Data to simulate Auckland, New Zealand is included in the package and other cities will be added to enable researchers to conduct a more varied and fair comparison of newly developed EMS strategies. The JEMSS package includes a visualisation tool to view the simulation as it is running. The simulation model has been validated by comparing the simulation trace and output of existing EMS simulation and analysis software BartSim. This paper details the JEMSS design and presents a case study showing how to apply integer programming, local search, and simulation optimisation using JEMSS.

紧急医疗服务 (EMS) 提供者做出决定，例如选择救护站位置和救护车调度政策；借助优化和仿真模型，可以有效地做出这些决策。我们开发了 JEMSS——一种用于紧急医疗服务模拟的 Julia（编程语言）包——允许对 EMS 运营和战略规划中出现的问题的决策或政策进行绩效评估和优化。据我们所知，这是第一个免费和开源的 EMS 仿真和优化包，它结合了整数规划优化、启发式本地搜索和仿真功能。在模拟运行期间用于救护车调度和动态重新部署的决策协议灵活且易于定制。包括与 EMS 决策相关的分析优化模型，例如站点位置和救护车部署问题。模拟运行速度很快，只需不到一秒钟就可以模拟 100 天的真实城市模型。数据包中包含模拟新西兰奥克兰的数据，并将添加其他城市，以使研究人员能够对新开发的 EMS 策略进行更加多样化和公平的比较。JEMSS 包包括一个可视化工具，用于在模拟运行时查看模拟。通过比较现有EMS仿真分析软件BartSim的仿真轨迹和输出，对仿真模型进行了验证。本文详细介绍了 JEMSS 设计，并提供了一个案例研究，展示了如何使用 JEMSS 应用整数规划、局部搜索和仿真优化。