Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins particles (TRLP) and low density lipoprotein particles (LDLP) vary in size. Their association with β-cell function is not well described. We determined associations of TRLP and LDLP subfractions with β-cell function, estimated as HOMA-β, and evaluated their associations with incident T2D in the general population. We included 4818 subjects of the Prevention of Renal and Vascular End-Stage Disease (PREVEND) study without T2D at baseline. TRLP and LDLP subfraction concentrations and their average sizes were measured using the LP4 algorithm of the Vantera nuclear magnetic resonance platform. HOMA-IR was used as measure of insulin resistance. HOMA-β was used as a proxy of β-cell function. In subjects without T2D at baseline, very large TRLP, and LDL size were inversely associated with HOMA-β, whereas large TRLP were positively associated with HOMA-β when taking account of HOMA-IR. During a median follow-up of 7.3 years, 263 participants developed T2D. In multivariable-adjusted Cox regression models, higher concentrations of total, very large, large, and very small TRLP (reflecting remnants lipoproteins) and greater TRL size were associated with an increased T2D risk after adjustment for relevant covariates, including age, sex, BMI, HDL-C, HOMA-β, and HOMA-IR. On the contrary, higher concentrations of large LDLP and greater LDL size were associated with a lower risk of developing T2D. Specific TRL and LDL particle characteristics are associated with β-cell function taking account of HOMA-IR. Moreover, TRL and LDL particle characteristics are differently associated with incident T2D, even when taking account of HOMA-β and HOMA-IR.

中文翻译：

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富含甘油三酯的脂蛋白和 LDL 颗粒亚组分及其与 2 型糖尿病的关联：PREVEND 研究

富含甘油三酯的脂蛋白颗粒 (TRLP) 和低密度脂蛋白颗粒 (LDLP) 的大小不同。它们与 β 细胞功能的关联没有得到很好的描述。我们确定了 TRLP 和 LDLP 亚组分与 β 细胞功能（估计为 HOMA-β）的关联，并评估了它们与一般人群中 T2D 事件的关联。我们纳入了 4818 名基线时没有 T2D 的肾脏和血管终末期疾病预防 (PREVEND) 研究对象。使用 Vantera 核磁共振平台的 LP4 算法测量 TRLP 和 LDLP 亚组分浓度及其平均大小。HOMA-IR被用作胰岛素抵抗的量度。HOMA-β 被用作 β 细胞功能的代理。在基线时没有 T2D 的受试者中，非常大的 TRLP 和 LDL 大小与 HOMA-β 呈负相关，而考虑到 HOMA-IR 时，大的 TRLP 与 HOMA-β 呈正相关。在 7.3 年的中位随访期间，263 名参与者发展为 T2D。在多变量调整的 Cox 回归模型中，在调整相关协变量（包括年龄、性别、BMI）后，较高浓度的总、非常大、较大和非常小的 TRLP（反映残余脂蛋白）和较大的 TRL 大小与 T2D 风险增加相关、HDL-C、HOMA-β 和 HOMA-IR。相反，较高浓度的大 LDLP 和较大的 LDL 与发生 T2D 的风险较低有关。考虑到 HOMA-IR，特定的 TRL 和 LDL 颗粒特征与 β 细胞功能相关。此外，即使考虑到 HOMA-β 和 HOMA-IR，TRL 和 LDL 颗粒特征与 T2D 的相关性也不同。