In orchestrating the wound healing process, the immune system plays a critical role. Hence, controlling the immune system to repair skin defects is an attractive approach. The highly complex immune system includes the coordinated actions of several immune cells, which can produce various inflammatory and antiinflammatory cytokines and affect the healing of skin wounds. This process can be optimized using biomaterials, bioactive molecules, and cell delivery. The present review discusses various immunomodulation strategies for supporting the healing of chronic wounds. In this regard, following the evolution of the immune system and its role in the wound healing mechanism, the interaction between the extracellular mechanism and immune cells for acceleration wound healing will be firstly investigated. Consequently, the immune-based chronic wounds will be briefly examined and the mechanism of progression, and conventional methods of their treatment are evaluated. In the following, various biomaterials-based immunomodulation strategies are introduced to stimulate and control the immune system to treat and regenerate skin defects. Other effective methods of controlling the immune system in wound healing which is the release of bioactive agents (such as antiinflammatory, antigens, and immunomodulators) and stem cell therapy at the site of injury are reviewed.

中文翻译：

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目前对慢性皮肤伤口修复的免疫调节策略的了解

在协调伤口愈合过程中，免疫系统起着至关重要的作用。因此，控制免疫系统修复皮肤缺陷是一种有吸引力的方法。高度复杂的免疫系统包括多个免疫细胞的协同作用，可产生各种炎症和抗炎细胞因子，影响皮肤伤口的愈合。这个过程可以使用生物材料、生物活性分子和细胞递送进行优化。本综述讨论了支持慢性伤口愈合的各种免疫调节策略。在这方面，随着免疫系统的进化及其在伤口愈合机制中的作用，将首先研究细胞外机制与免疫细胞之间的相互作用以加速伤口愈合。所以，将简要检查基于免疫的慢性伤口，并评估其进展机制和常规治疗方法。在下文中，将介绍各种基于生物材料的免疫调节策略来刺激和控制免疫系统以治疗和再生皮肤缺损。综述了在伤口愈合过程中控制免疫系统的其他有效方法，即释放生物活性剂（如抗炎剂、抗原和免疫调节剂）以及在损伤部位进行干细胞治疗。