Despite decadal–millennial repose periods, volcanoes of the Canary Islands pose significant, though poorly understood hazards to local communities and infrastructure. At least 13 volcanic eruptions forming monogenetic cones and lava flows have occurred in the archipelago since 1500 CE: six on the island of La Palma (in 1585, 1646, 1677–1678, 1712, 1949 and 1971), four on Tenerife (1704–1705, 1706, 1798 and 1909), two on Lanzarote (1730–1736 and 1824) and one on the submarine flank of El Hierro (2011–2012). In this paper, we synthesize available data on these historical eruptions, focusing on their physical characteristics and chronological development, and provide new estimates of eruption parameters, such as lava flow runout, area and volume, to inform volcanic hazard assessment in the archipelago. While incomplete and imprecise, historical records indicate that precursory seismicity began days to years prior to eruption onset, consistent with the three months of well-documented unrest for the 2011–2012 eruption. Excluding the atypical 1730–1736 event, eruptions lasted from ten days to a little under five months. Initial eruptive phases usually involved the opening of multiple vents along dike-fed fissures, with Strombolian explosive activity forming monogenetic cones. Lava flow emission generally quickly followed, and later eruptive phases were typically dominated by effusive behavior. Some eruptions (1704–1705, 1824 and 1949), however, had a complex evolution punctuated by the sequential opening of distinct vents several kilometers apart. Total lengths of vent-defined fissures range from 0.2 to 14.0 km, and maximum lava flow runout is 2.7–9.4 km, extending to the coastline in 75% of eruptions. Proximal eruptive deposits cover 1.8–7.8 km². Published estimates of subaerial eruptive volumes average between 11 and 66 × 10⁶ m³. In comparison, a new empirical relationship based on well-constrained lava flow area and volume data at other basaltic volcanoes yields volumes of 10–76 × 10⁶ m³ for Canary Island eruptions. The 1730–1736 Timanfaya eruption on Lanzarote represents an outlier in the context of historical Canary Island volcanism, with a duration of 2055 days, a total fissure length ≥ 14.4 km defined by at least ten main emission centers, a maximum lava flow length of 21.7 km, a lava flow field area of 146 km² and volume of at least 2.2–3.7 km³. Historical eruptive rates are low, at 1.0–2.1 × 10⁶ m³/year or 7.3–11.0 × 10⁶ m³/year including the 1730–1736 eruption, in agreement with long-term volcano growth rates based on geologic data. We find no evidence for time-predictable or volume-predictable behavior of the historical eruptive sequence, which has a mean recurrence interval of 39 ± 24 years. Our analysis outlines a useful framework for forecasting the onset, development and style of future eruptions in the archipelago. Further work, particularly detailed field-based studies of eruption deposits and petrologic reconstructions of eruption run-up processes, will help refine our understanding of historical volcanism and associated hazards in the Canary Islands.

尽管有十年至千年的休止期，但加那利群岛的火山对当地社区和基础设施构成了重大但知之甚少的危害。自公元 1500 年以来，该群岛至少发生了 13 次火山喷发，形成了单一的锥体和熔岩流：六次在拉帕尔马岛（1585、1646、1677-1678、1712、1949 和 1971 年），四次在特内里费岛（1704 年- 1705、1706、1798 和 1909 年），两艘在兰萨罗特岛（1730-1736 和 1824 年），一艘在耶罗号的潜艇侧翼（2011-2012 年）。在本文中，我们综合了这些历史喷发的可用数据，重点关注它们的物理特征和年代发展，并提供对喷发参数（如熔岩流径流、面积和体积）的新估计，为群岛的火山灾害评估提供信息。虽然不完整和不精确，历史记录表明，前兆地震活动在喷发开始前几天到几年就开始了，这与有据可查的 2011-2012 年喷发三个月的动荡是一致的。排除非典型的 1730-1736 事件，火山喷发持续了十天到不到五个月的时间。最初的喷发阶段通常涉及沿堤坝裂缝打开多个喷口，Strombolian 爆炸活动形成单一的锥体。熔岩流排放通常很快就会随之而来，后来的喷发阶段通常以喷发行为为主。然而，一些火山喷发（1704-1705、1824 和 1949）具有复杂的演化过程，被相隔几公里的不同喷口的连续开放所打断。喷口定义的裂缝总长度范围为 0.2 至 14.0 公里，最大熔岩流跳动为 2.7 至 9.4 公里，75% 的火山喷发延伸到海岸线。近端喷发沉积物覆盖 1.8-7.8 公里² . 公布的地下喷发量估计平均在 11 到 66 × 10 ⁶ m ^{3 之间}。相比之下，基于严格约束的熔岩流面积和其他玄武岩火山体积数据的新经验关系为加那利岛火山喷发产生了 10–76 × 10 ⁶ m ^{3 的}体积。兰萨罗特岛 1730-1736 年的蒂曼法亚火山喷发代表了历史加那利岛火山活动背景下的异常值，持续时间为 2055 天，总裂隙长度 ≥ 14.4 公里，由至少十个主要排放中心定义，最大熔岩流长度为 21.7 km，熔岩流场面积为 146 km ²，体积至少为 2.2-3.7 km ³。历史喷发率较低，为 1.0–2.1 × 10⁶ m ³ /年或7.3-11.0 × 10 ⁶ m ³ /年，包括1730-1736年的喷发，与基于地质数据的长期火山增长率一致。我们没有发现历史喷发序列的时间可预测或体积可预测行为的证据，其平均复发间隔为 39 ± 24 年。我们的分析概述了一个有用的框架，用于预测群岛未来火山喷发的发生、发展和风格。进一步的工作，特别是对喷发沉积物和喷发加速过程的岩石学重建的详细实地研究，将有助于加深我们对加那利群岛历史火山活动和相关灾害的理解。