Ideal transmitting and receiving (Tx/Rx) array response is always desirable in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar. In practice, nevertheless, Tx/Rx arrays may be susceptible to unknown gain-phase errors (GPE) and yield seriously decreased positioning accuracy. This paper focuses on the direction-of-departure (DOD) and direction-of-arrival (DOA) problem in bistatic MIMO radar with unknown gain-phase errors (GPE). A novel parallel factor (PARAFAC) estimator is proposed. The factor matrices containing DOD and DOA are firstly obtained via PARAFAC decomposition. One DOD-DOA pair estimation is then accomplished from the spectrum searching. Thereafter, the remainder DOD and DOA are achieved by the least squares technique with the previous estimated angle pair. The proposed estimator is analyzed in detail. It only requires one instrumental Tx/Rx sensor, and it outperforms the state-of-the-art algorithms. Numerical simulations verify the theoretical advantages.

中文翻译：

---

在存在增益相位误差的情况下使用一个仪器 Tx/Rx 传感器估计 MIMO 雷达的角度：理论和数值研究

在多输入多输出 (MIMO) 雷达中，理想的发射和接收 (Tx/Rx) 阵列响应始终是理想的。然而，在实践中，Tx/Rx 阵列可能容易受到未知增益相位误差 (GPE) 的影响，并导致定位精度严重下降。本文重点研究具有未知增益相位误差 (GPE) 的双基地 MIMO 雷达的出发方向 (DOD) 和到达方向 (DOA) 问题。提出了一种新的并行因子（PARAFAC）估计器。首先通过PARAFAC分解得到包含DOD和DOA的因子矩阵。然后通过频谱搜索完成一个 DOD-DOA 对估计。此后，剩余的 DOD 和 DOA 通过最小二乘法与先前估计的角度对获得。对建议的估计量进行了详细分析。它只需要一个仪器式 Tx/Rx 传感器，并且其性能优于最先进的算法。数值模拟验证了理论优势。