This article aims to delve into the reality of glacial refuges of forests and tree species (including conifers, mesothermophilous angiosperms and xerothermic scrub) during the cold dry phases of the Iberian Pleistocene in which there is evidence of occupation of Middle Palaeolithic people. The research framework focuses on the eastern sector of the Iberian Peninsula due to the physiographic, palaeobotanical and archaeological peculiarities, substantiated by recent studies. We contend that some Neanderthal occupations developed in the context of high geobiological complexity, high biological diversity and highly structured forest ecosystems. We highlight the importance of glacial refuges as local anomalies that, however, would be contingent on vegetational development, and on the survival of Palaeolithic groups in areas with a broad diversity of natural resources.

中文翻译：

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伊比利亚尼安德特人在森林和大草原

本文旨在深入研究伊比利亚更新世寒冷干燥阶段的森林和树种（包括针叶树、中温被子植物和干热灌丛）的冰川避难所的现实，其中有证据表明旧石器时代中期的人曾被占领。由于最近的研究证实了自然地理、古植物学和考古学的特点，该研究框架侧重于伊比利亚半岛的东部地区。我们认为，一些尼安德特人的职业是在地球生物学高度复杂、生物多样性高和森林生态系统高度结构化的背景下发展起来的。我们强调冰川避难所作为局部异常的重要性，然而，这将取决于植被的发展，