A synthesis process is presented for experimentally simulating modifications in cosmic dust grains using sequential ion implantations or irradiations followed by thermal annealing. Cosmic silicate dust analogues were prepared via implantation of 20–80 ​keV Fe⁻, Mg⁻, and O⁻ ions into commercially available p-type silicon (100) wafers. The as-implanted analogues are amorphous with a Mg/(Fe ​+ ​Mg) ratio of 0.5 tailored to match theoretical abundances in circumstellar dusts. Before the ion implantations were performed, Monte-Carlo-based ion-solid interaction codes were used to model the dynamic redistribution of the implanted atoms in the silicon substrate. 600 ​keV helium ion irradiation was performed on one of the samples before thermal annealing. Two samples were thermally annealed at a temperature appropriate for an M-class stellar wind, 1000 ​K, for 8.3 ​h in a vacuum chamber with a pressure of 1 ​× ​10⁻⁷ torr. The elemental depth profiles were extracted utilizing Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS) in the samples before and after thermal annealing. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was employed for the identification of various phases in crystalline minerals in the annealed analogues. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis was utilized to identify specific crystal structures. RBS analysis shows redistribution of the implanted Fe, Mg, and O after thermal annealing due to incorporation into the crystal structures for each sample type. XRD patterns along with TEM analysis showed nanocrystalline Mg and Fe oxides with possible incorporation of additional silicate minerals.

提出了一种合成过程，用于实验模拟宇宙尘埃颗粒中的修改，使用顺序离子注入或辐射，然后是热退火。通过注入 20-80 keV Fe ^-、Mg ^-和 O ^-制备了宇宙硅酸盐尘埃类似物离子进入市售的 p 型硅 (100) 晶片。植入时的类似物是无定形的，Mg/(Fe + Mg) 比为 0.5，以匹配星际尘埃的理论丰度。在进行离子注入之前，使用基于蒙特卡罗的离子-固体相互作用代码来模拟硅衬底中注入原子的动态重新分布。在热退火之前对其中一个样品进行 600 keV 氦离子辐照。两个样品在适合 M 级恒星风的温度 1000 K 下在压力为 1×10 ^-7的真空室中热退火 8.3 小时托。使用卢瑟福背散射光谱法 (RBS) 在热退火前后的样品中提取元素深度分布。X 射线衍射 (XRD) 分析用于鉴定退火类似物中结晶矿物中的各种相。利用透射电子显微镜 (TEM) 分析来鉴定特定的晶体结构。RBS 分析显示了热退火后注入的 Fe、Mg 和 O 由于掺入到每种样品类型的晶体结构中而重新分布。XRD 图案以及 TEM 分析显示纳米晶 Mg 和 Fe 氧化物，可能掺入了额外的硅酸盐矿物。