Property maintenance affects health and safety, market values and neighbourhood dynamics. Previous studies have indicated that owner-occupiers maintain their properties better than do absentee (non-resident) landlords. Some evidence suggests that maintenance by resident landlords falls in between but no study has compared all three tenures. This study of the City of Rochester, New York, utilises tax data for every residential property in the city in 2017, these being linked to records of building inspections, mostly pro-active. It indicates that code violations were highest for absentee-owned properties, lowest for the owner-occupied and intermediate for the properties of resident landlords. Comparison of the two- and three-unit properties of resident landlords indicates the impact of pro-active inspections. Maintenance by Limited Liability Companies was about average for absentee-owned properties, but those handled by management companies were worse. Longitudinal analysis of independent changes in the ownership and tenure of dwelling units, 2011–2017, indicates that observed differences in maintenance in 2017 were attributable to the incentives characteristic of each tenure, not to differences in personal preference among property owners. Results underline the importance of pro-active inspections and the need for qualitative research to clarify the motivations of different types of landlords.

物业维护会影响健康和安全、市场价值和社区动态。先前的研究表明，自住业主比缺席（非居民）业主更好地维护他们的财产。一些证据表明，居民房东的维护介于两者之间，但没有研究比较所有三个任期。这项对纽约罗彻斯特市的研究利用了 2017 年该市每个住宅物业的税收数据，这些数据与建筑检查记录相关联，并且大多是主动的。它表明违规行为在缺席者拥有的房产中最高，在自住中最低，在居民房东的房产中居中。居民房东的两套和三套房产的比较表明了主动检查的影响。有限责任公司的维护对于缺席者拥有的财产来说大约是平均水平，但由管理公司处理的则更糟。对 2011-2017 年住宅单位所有权和使用权独立变化的纵向分析表明，2017 年观察到的维护差异归因于每个使用权的激励特征，而不是业主之间的个人偏好差异。结果强调了主动检查的重要性和定性研究的必要性，以澄清不同类型房东的动机。表明 2017 年观察到的维护差异归因于每个任期的激励特征，而不是业主之间的个人偏好差异。结果强调了主动检查的重要性和定性研究的必要性，以澄清不同类型房东的动机。表明 2017 年观察到的维护差异归因于每个任期的激励特征，而不是业主之间的个人偏好差异。结果强调了主动检查的重要性和定性研究的必要性，以澄清不同类型房东的动机。