ABSTRACT

Conservation agriculture using crop rotations and residue management is increasingly accepted in conventional agricultural systems. However, the effects on crop productivity and soil properties of different rotations, levels of use, and residue management have yet to be fully understood. Our study considered the effect of three previous crops (bread wheat, durum wheat, and corn) and four levels of residue incorporation (0%, 50%, 100%, and 200%) in a split plot design with four replicates on canola production parameters and soil chemical properties at the end of this crop. Production parameters and soil chemical properties were mostly affected by the previous crop and less by the residue incorporation rates under the conditions of this experiment; however, neither of these factors affected grain yield (ranging from 4.0 to 4.8 Mg ha⁻¹). Canola residue production was higher (9.7%) after the corn crop, regardless of the residue incorporation rate, but the harvest index was lower after this crop. Most of the soil chemical properties were also affected, revealing increased organic matter and exchangeable K when the previous crop was corn and decreased concentrations of the cations with basic reaction when the previous crop was durum wheat.

摘要

传统农业系统越来越接受使用轮作和残留物管理的保护性农业。然而，不同轮作、使用水平和残留物管理对作物生产力和土壤性质的影响尚未完全了解。我们的研究在四次重复的裂区设计中考虑了三种先前作物（面包小麦、硬粒小麦和玉米）和四种残留物掺入水平（0%、50%、100% 和 200%）对双低油菜籽生产的影响该作物结束时的参数和土壤化学特性。在本试验条件下，生产参数和土壤化学性质受前茬作物影响较大，受残留物掺入率影响较小；然而，这些因素都没有影响谷物产量（从 4.0 到 4.8 毫克公顷^-1 )。无论残渣掺入率如何，玉米种植后油菜籽残渣产量均较高（9.7%），但收获指数较低。大部分土壤化学性质也受到影响，前作玉米时有机质和交换性钾增加，前作硬粒小麦时与碱性反应的阳离子浓度降低。