Reverse osmosis and nanofiltration by thin-film nanocomposite (TFN) membranes are energy-efficient processes for water purification. However, it is difficult to fabricate high-performance TFN membranes in controllable manner. In this work, the uniform and multilayered polyamide (PA)-graphene oxide (GO) TFN membranes were assembled by a simple and controllable strategy, named as multilayer deposition, which was performed by consecutively spin-coating GO, meta-phenylene diamine (MPD)/piperazine (PIP), and trimesoyl chloride (TMC) solutions on the substrates. The introduction of GO could reduce defects, resulting in formation of smooth and defect-free reverse osmosis/nanofiltration membranes with significantly increased NaCl and antibiotic rejection. For example, the TFN reverse osmosis membrane showed NaCl rejection of 99.1% and water permeance of 1.83 L m⁻² h⁻¹ bar⁻¹, accompanied by substantially enhanced antifouling property.

薄膜纳米复合材料 (TFN) 膜的反渗透和纳滤是水净化的节能工艺。然而，很难以可控的方式制造高性能的TFN膜。在这项工作中，均匀和多层的聚酰胺 (PA)-氧化石墨烯 (GO) TFN 膜通过一种简单且可控的策略组装，称为多层沉积，通过连续旋涂 GO、间苯二胺 (MPD )/哌嗪 (PIP) 和均苯三甲酰氯 (TMC) 溶液在基材上。GO 的引入可以减少缺陷，从而形成光滑且无缺陷的反渗透/纳滤膜，显着增加 NaCl 和抗生素排斥。例如，TFN 反渗透膜显示 99.1% 的 NaCl 截留率和 1 的水渗透率。^-2  h ^-1  bar ^-1，伴随着显着增强的防污性能。