Growth of human population leads to many global and medical problems. The problems include the crisis of health, antibiotic resistance, drug discovery, etc. Increasing antimicrobial resistance of microorganisms results in the need to screen natural products (incl. antibiotics and antimicrobial peptides) and their producers in different ecological niches. The purpose of this study was to estimate antibiotic activity and biotechnological potential of rare actinobacteria Nocardiopsis sp. The strain was isolated from Okhotnichya cave located in Siberia. Here, we cultivated the strain at 3 temperature modes (13 °C, 28 °C, 37 °C) in 11 liquid nutrient (rich and poor) media. Using modern assays of liquid chromatography and high-resolution mass spectrometry, we estimated the content and number of produced natural products, distribution of their masses, and potential rate of novel secondary metabolites. We demonstrated that minimal nutrient media with l-asparagine and SM25 media with malt extract were less productive at current experimental parameters. As it was shown, this strain was characterized by antibiotic properties against Bacillus subtilis when cultivated at 28 °C. Also, weak antibiotic activity of crude extracts was found in strain cultivation at 13 °C. Also, we detected a high number of novel amphiphilic and hydrophobic NPs produced by this strain. We demonstrated both the influence of the nutrient media composition and cultivation temperature on biosynthetic capabilities of rare strain Nocardiopsis sp. Finally, high level of natural products that were predicted as novel confirms high biotechnological value of rare genera of Actinobacteria that could be explained by the evolution of microorganisms in the isolated environment of cave ecosystem.

人口增长导致许多全球性问题和医疗问题。这些问题包括健康危机、抗生素耐药性、药物发现等。微生物耐药性的增加导致需要在不同的生态位中筛选天然产物（包括抗生素和抗菌肽）及其生产者。本研究的目的是评估稀有放线菌诺卡氏菌的抗生素活性和生物技术潜力。该菌株是从位于西伯利亚的 Okhotnichya 洞穴中分离出来的。在这里，我们在 11 种液体营养（富营养和贫营养）培养基中以 3 种温度模式（13 °C、28 °C、37 °C）培养该菌株。利用现代液相色谱和高分辨率质谱分析方法，我们估计了所产生的天然产物的含量和数量、其质量分布以及新型次生代谢物的潜在比率。我们证明，在当前的实验参数下，含有l-天冬酰胺的基本营养培养基和含有麦芽提取物的 SM25 培养基的生产力较低。正如所显示的，该菌株在 28°C 下培养时具有针对枯草芽孢杆菌的抗生素特性。此外，在 13 °C 菌株培养中发现粗提物的抗菌活性较弱。此外，我们还检测到该菌株产生大量新型两亲性和疏水性纳米颗粒。我们证明了营养培养基成分和培养温度对稀有菌株诺卡氏菌生物合成能力的影响。 最后，被预测为新颖的高水平天然产物证实了稀有放线菌属的高生物技术价值，这可以通过洞穴生态系统孤立环境中微生物的进化来解释。