Growth of human population leads to many global and medical problems. The problems include the crisis of health, antibiotic resistance, drug discovery, etc. Increasing antimicrobial resistance of microorganisms results in the need to screen natural products (incl. antibiotics and antimicrobial peptides) and their producers in different ecological niches. The purpose of this study was to estimate antibiotic activity and biotechnological potential of rare actinobacteria Nocardiopsis sp. The strain was isolated from Okhotnichya cave located in Siberia. Here, we cultivated the strain at 3 temperature modes (13 °C, 28 °C, 37 °C) in 11 liquid nutrient (rich and poor) media. Using modern assays of liquid chromatography and high-resolution mass spectrometry, we estimated the content and number of produced natural products, distribution of their masses, and potential rate of novel secondary metabolites. We demonstrated that minimal nutrient media with l-asparagine and SM25 media with malt extract were less productive at current experimental parameters. As it was shown, this strain was characterized by antibiotic properties against Bacillus subtilis when cultivated at 28 °C. Also, weak antibiotic activity of crude extracts was found in strain cultivation at 13 °C. Also, we detected a high number of novel amphiphilic and hydrophobic NPs produced by this strain. We demonstrated both the influence of the nutrient media composition and cultivation temperature on biosynthetic capabilities of rare strain Nocardiopsis sp. Finally, high level of natural products that were predicted as novel confirms high biotechnological value of rare genera of Actinobacteria that could be explained by the evolution of microorganisms in the isolated environment of cave ecosystem.

人口增长导致许多全球性和医学问题。问题包括健康危机、抗生素耐药性、药物发现等。增加微生物的抗菌素耐药性导致需要在不同生态位筛选天然产物（包括抗生素和抗菌肽）及其生产者。本研究的目的是评估稀有放线菌诺卡氏菌的抗生素活性和生物技术潜力sp。该菌株是从位于西伯利亚的 Okhotnichya 洞穴中分离出来的。在这里，我们在 11 种液体营养（富和贫）培养基中以 3 种温度模式（13°C、28°C、37°C​​）培养菌株。使用现代液相色谱法和高分辨率质谱法，我们估计了产生的天然产物的含量和数量、质量分布以及新型次生代谢物的潜在速率。我们证明，在目前的实验参数下，含有l-天冬酰胺的最低限度营养培养基和含有麦芽提取物的 SM25 培养基的产量较低。如图所示，该菌株的特征在于针对枯草芽孢杆菌的抗生素特性28℃培养时。此外，在 13°C 的菌株培养中发现粗提物的抗生素活性较弱。此外，我们还检测到由该菌株产生的大量新型两亲性和疏水性 NP。我们证明了营养培养基组成和培养温度对稀有菌株诺卡氏菌生物合成能力的影响。最后，被预测为新的高水平天然产物证实了稀有放线菌属的高生物技术价值，这可以用洞穴生态系统的孤立环境中微生物的进化来解释。