Tree peony (Paeonia Sect. Moutan) is widely grown as an ornamental plant and is known for its ‘National Beauty and Heavenly Fragrance’. However, the genetic improvement of floral scent traits is fundamentally limited by the paucity of genomic marker resources. Given the large-scale development of microsatellite markers using transcriptome sequences, we conducted an association analysis to identify microsatellite markers associated with main floral components. A total of 8,443 EST-SSRs were identified, with an average of one SSR per 15.55 kb. Di-nucleotide repeats were the most plentiful repeat type, followed by tri-, tetra-, penta- and hexa-nucleotide repeats. Among 969 synthesized primer pairs, 499 were successfully amplified and 136 showed polymorphism which exhibited relatively high levels of transferability were observed across 12 individuals in the genus Paeonia, thus expanding their utility. Subsequently, 31 polymorphic EST-SSR markers were selected for the analysis of genetic diversity and population structure, resulting in 176 alleles; the polymorphism information content (PIC) varied from 0.31 to 0.87. According to the population structure analysis, the association varieties were divided into three subgroups. Finally, single marker-trait association analysis based on mixed linear model (MLM) identified 29 significant associations, involving five floral components with 18 SSRs and a low proportion of phenotypic variance ranging from 4.57 to 23.46%. The newly developed markers were valuable resources that could provide a powerful genomic tool for genetic studies and accelerate the process of molecular marker-assisted breeding of tree peony floral scent.

牡丹（芍药节牡丹)作为观赏植物被广泛种植，以“国色天香”着称。然而，花香性状的遗传改良从根本上受到基因组标记资源匮乏的限制。鉴于使用转录组序列大规模开发微卫星标记，我们进行了关联分析，以确定与主要花卉成分相关的微卫星标记。共鉴定出 8,443 个 EST-SSR，平均每 15.55 kb 有一个 SSR。二核苷酸重复是最丰富的重复类型，其次是三、四、五和六核苷酸重复。在合成的 969 个引物对中，499 个被成功扩增，136 个表现出多态性，在该属的 12 个个体中观察到具有较高水平的可转移性芍药，从而扩大其效用。随后选取了31个多态性EST-SSR标记进行遗传多样性和种群结构分析，得到176个等位基因；多态信息含量 (PIC) 从 0.31 到 0.87 不等。根据种群结构分析，将关联品种分为三个亚群。最后，基于混合线性模型 (MLM) 的单一标记-性状关联分析确定了 29 个显着关联，涉及 5 个花成分，具有 18 个 SSR，表型变异比例较低，范围为 4.57% 至 23.46%。新开发的标记是宝贵的资源，可以为遗传研究提供强大的基因组工具，加快牡丹花香分子标记辅助育种进程。