Demographic determinants (i.e., gender, income, education, race, age) of one year ahead inflation expectations in South Africa are explored. Surveys covering the period 2006–2016 are examined via a mix of time and cross-sectional methods. In doing so, we uncover clear behavioural biases in how respondents view the inflation outlook. Education and income tend to be inversely related to inflation expectations. This is consistent with the literature, although we observe significant changes over time that many other surveys are unable to uncover. Inflation expectations also respond to recently observed inflation, but this is likely facilitated by priming in the survey since respondents are given the previous year and five years mean inflation rates. Younger individuals have lower inflation expectations and react significantly to central bank communication, which is a novel variable not included in other studies of this kind. Another demographic characteristic interacting with communication by the South African Reserve Bank is race. Finally, the direction of change in inflation, that is, whether it is rising or falling, also matters. Hence, even if respondents are primed, they appear to be aware of changes in the direction of inflation. This represents an additional novel feature of the study.

探讨了南非通胀预期提前一年的人口决定因素（即性别、收入、教育、种族、年龄）。涵盖 2006 年至 2016 年期间的调查通过时间和横截面方法的组合进行检查。在这样做的过程中，我们发现了受访者对通胀前景的看法存在明显的行为偏见。教育和收入往往与通胀预期成反比。这与文献一致，尽管我们观察到许多其他调查无法发现的显着变化。通胀预期也会对最近观察到的通胀做出反应，但这可能是通过调查中的启动来促进的，因为受访者获得了前一年和五年的平均通胀率。年轻人的通胀预期较低，对中央银行的沟通反应显着，这是其他此类研究中未包含的新变量。另一个与南非储备银行沟通互动的人口特征是种族。最后，通胀的变化方向，即是上升还是下降，也很重要。因此，即使受访者已做好准备，他们似乎也意识到通货膨胀方向的变化。这代表了该研究的另一个新特征。即使受访者已做好准备，他们似乎也意识到通货膨胀方向的变化。这代表了该研究的另一个新特征。即使受访者已做好准备，他们似乎也意识到通货膨胀方向的变化。这代表了该研究的另一个新特征。