Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a renal dysfunction that can lead to high rates of mortality and morbidity, particularly when coupled with late diagnosis. CKD has become a major health problem due to its challenging detection at early stages when clear symptoms are yet to be presented. Thus, CKD is likely to be identified when the substantive conditions of the disease are manifest. In order to address the development of the disease and provide necessary treatments at the initial stage, the investigation of new biomarkers and metabolites associated with early detection of CKD are needed. Identified metabolites could be used to confirm the presence of the disease, obtain information on its mechanism and facilitate the development of novel pharmaceutical treatments. Such metabolites may be detected from biofluids and tissues using a range of analytical techniques. There are a number of metabolites that have been identified by mass spectrometry at high sensitivities, whilst the detection of metabolites directly from biofluids using NMR could present a more rapid way to expand our understanding of this disease. This review is focused on NMR-based metabolomics associated with CKD in humans and animals.

中文翻译：

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基于 NMR 的代谢组学与人类和动物慢性肾病相关：一种健康视角。


慢性肾病 (CKD) 是一种肾功能障碍，可导致高死亡率和发病率，特别是在诊断较晚时。 CKD 已成为一个主要的健康问题，因为在尚未出现明显症状的早期阶段，其检测具有挑战性。因此，当疾病的实质症状表现出来时，就有可能识别出 CKD。为了解决疾病的发展并在初始阶段提供必要的治疗，需要研究与早期检测 CKD 相关的新生物标志物和代谢物。鉴定出的代谢物可用于确认疾病的存在，获取有关其机制的信息并促进新型药物治疗的开发。可以使用一系列分析技术从生物体液和组织中检测此类代谢物。有许多代谢物已通过高灵敏度质谱法鉴定出来，而使用核磁共振直接从生物体液中检测代谢物可以提供一种更快速的方法来扩大我们对这种疾病的了解。本综述重点关注与人类和动物 CKD 相关的基于 NMR 的代谢组学。