Health-Promoting School (HPS) interventions aim to reduce bullying and violence via curriculum, environmental and family/community-engagement components. Despite evidence of their effectiveness, factors influencing the implementation of such interventions are poorly understood. This systematic review aims to examine such factors by assessing qualitative process evaluations of HPS interventions aiming to reduce bullying, aggression or violence. A comprehensive systematic search of 12 databases was carried out, and 20 reports from 17 studies were included. Thematic synthesis was used to identify factors affecting implementation. Factors that enable implementation were related to programme characteristics and stakeholder buy-in, including support from leadership, teachers, students and parents. Good communication and staff climate were important. Interventions were better implemented when they framed health promotion as a core school business, were supported by a national policy, used local data to show need and effectiveness and provided high-quality, pragmatic and accessible staff training. The results of this review can serve to guide and facilitate the design and implementation of future bullying and violence prevention programmes. Since there is significant overlap in terms of the important pillars and guiding principles for all interventions guided by the HPS framework, the findings may apply to outcomes beyond bullying and violence.

中文翻译：

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实施针对欺凌和暴力的健康促进学校计划的障碍和促进因素：系统评价

健康促进学校 (HPS) 干预旨在通过课程、环境和家庭/社区参与组成部分来减少欺凌和暴力。尽管有证据表明其有效性，但人们对影响此类干预措施实施的因素知之甚少。本系统评价旨在通过评估旨在减少欺凌、攻击或暴力的 HPS 干预措施的定性过程评估来检查这些因素。对12个数据库进行了全面系统检索，纳入了17项研究的20份报告。专题综合用于确定影响实施的因素。促成实施的因素与项目特点和利益相关者的支持有关，包括领导、教师、学生和家长的支持。良好的沟通和员工氛围很重要。如果干预措施将健康促进作为学校的核心业务，得到国家政策的支持，使用当地数据来显示需求和有效性，并提供高质量、务实和易于获得的员工培训，则干预措施会得到更好的实施。本次审查的结果可用于指导和促进未来欺凌和暴力预防计划的设计和实施。由于在 HPS 框架指导下的所有干预措施的重要支柱和指导原则方面存在重大重叠，因此研究结果可能适用于欺凌和暴力之外的结果。本次审查的结果可用于指导和促进未来欺凌和暴力预防计划的设计和实施。由于在 HPS 框架指导下的所有干预措施的重要支柱和指导原则方面存在重大重叠，因此研究结果可能适用于欺凌和暴力之外的结果。本次审查的结果可用于指导和促进未来欺凌和暴力预防计划的设计和实施。由于在 HPS 框架指导下的所有干预措施的重要支柱和指导原则方面存在重大重叠，因此研究结果可能适用于欺凌和暴力之外的结果。