The destruction of freshwater habitat is a major contributor to biodiversity loss in aquatic ecosystems. However, created or restored wetlands could partially mitigate aquatic biodiversity loss by increasing the amount of available habitat across a landscape. We investigated the impact of surrounding terrestrial habitat and water quality variables on suitability for two species of pond-breeding amphibians (bullfrogs [Lithobates catesbeianus] and Blanchard's cricket frogs [Acris blanchardi]) in created permanent wetlands located on an agricultural landscape. We examined tadpole growth and survival in field enclosures placed in ponds surrounded by agricultural, forested, or grassland habitats. We also evaluated the potential for carryover effects of the aquatic environment on terrestrial growth and overwinter survival of cricket frog metamorphs. We found that habitat adjacent to ponds did not predict tadpole growth or survival. Rather, phytoplankton abundance, which showed high variability among ponds within habitat type, was the only predictor of tadpole growth. Cricket frogs emerged larger and earlier from ponds with higher phytoplankton abundance; bullfrogs were also larger and at a more advanced developmental stage in ponds with higher levels of phytoplankton. Overwinter survival of cricket frogs was explained by size at metamorphosis and there were no apparent carryover effects of land use or pond-of-origin on overwinter growth and survival. Our results demonstrate that created ponds in human-dominated landscapes can provide suitable habitat for some anurans, independent of the adjacent terrestrial habitat.

中文翻译：

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在受浮游植物影响比周围栖息地影响更大的农业景观中，池塘养殖无尾类的幼虫发育和存活。

淡水栖息地的破坏是造成水生生态系统生物多样性丧失的主要因素。然而，创建或恢复的湿地可以通过增加整个景观的可用栖息地数量来部分缓解水生生物多样性的丧失。我们调查了周围陆地栖息地和水质变量对两种池塘养殖两栖动物（牛蛙 [Lithobates catesbeianus] 和布兰查德的蟋蟀蛙 [Acris blanchardi]）在位于农业景观上的永久性湿地适宜性的影响。我们检查了田间围栏内的蝌蚪生长和存活，这些围栏放置在被农业、森林或草原栖息地包围的池塘中。我们还评估了水生环境对蟋蟀蛙变体的陆地生长和越冬生存的潜在影响。我们发现靠近池塘的栖息地并不能预测蝌蚪的生长或存活。相反，浮游植物丰度显示出栖息地类型内池塘之间的高度可变性，是蝌蚪生长的唯一预测因子​​。蟋蟀蛙在浮游植物丰度较高的池塘中出现得更大更早；在浮游植物含量较高的池塘中，牛蛙也更大，处于更高级的发育阶段。蟋蟀的越冬存活是由变态时的大小来解释的，土地利用或来源池塘对越冬生长和存活没有明显的遗留影响。我们的结果表明，在人类主导的景观中创建的池塘可以为一些无尾目提供合适的栖息地，独立于相邻的陆地栖息地。