Measurement ofe+e−Momentum and Angular Distributions from Linearly Polarized Photon Collisions,Physical Review Letters

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Measurement ofe+e−Momentum and Angular Distributions from Linearly Polarized Photon Collisions
Physical Review Letters ( IF 8.1 ) Pub Date : 2021-07-27 , DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.052302
J Adam ₁ , L Adamczyk ₂ , J R Adams ₃ , J K Adkins ₄ , G Agakishiev ₅ , M M Aggarwal ₆ , Z Ahammed ₇ , I Alekseev _{8,

9} , D M Anderson ₁₀ , A Aparin ₅ , E C Aschenauer ₁ , M U Ashraf ₁₁ , F G Atetalla ₁₂ , A Attri ₆ , G S Averichev ₅ , V Bairathi ₁₃ , K Barish ₁₄ , A Behera ₁₅ , R Bellwied ₁₆ , A Bhasin ₁₇ , J Bielcik ₁₈ , J Bielcikova ₁₉ , L C Bland ₁ , I G Bordyuzhin ₈ , J D Brandenburg _{1,

20} , A V Brandin ₉ , J Butterworth ₂₁ , H Caines ₂₂ , M Calderón de la Barca Sánchez ₂₃ , D Cebra ₂₃ , I Chakaberia _{1,

12} , P Chaloupka ₁₈ , B K Chan ₂₄ , F-H Chang ₂₅ , Z Chang ₁ , N Chankova-Bunzarova ₅ , A Chatterjee ₁₁ , D Chen ₁₄ , J H Chen ₂₆ , X Chen ₂₇ , Z Chen ₂₀ , J Cheng ₂₈ , M Cherney ₂₉ , M Chevalier ₁₄ , S Choudhury ₂₆ , W Christie ₁ , H J Crawford ₃₀ , M Csanád ₃₁ , M Daugherity ₃₂ , T G Dedovich ₅ , I M Deppner ₃₃ , A A Derevschikov ₃₄ , L Didenko ₁ , X Dong ₃₅ , J L Drachenberg ₃₂ , J C Dunlop ₁ , T Edmonds ₃₆ , N Elsey ₃₇ , J Engelage ₃₀ , G Eppley ₂₁ , R Esha ₁₅ , S Esumi ₃₈ , O Evdokimov ₃₉ , A Ewigleben ₄₀ , O Eyser ₁ , R Fatemi ₄ , S Fazio ₁ , P Federic ₁₉ , J Fedorisin ₅ , C J Feng ₂₅ , Y Feng ₃₆ , P Filip ₅ , E Finch ₄₁ , Y Fisyak ₁ , A Francisco ₂₂ , L Fulek ₂ , C A Gagliardi ₁₀ , T Galatyuk ₄₂ , F Geurts ₂₁ , A Gibson ₄₃ , K Gopal ₄₄ , D Grosnick ₄₃ , A I Hamad ₁₂ , A Hamed ₄₅ , J W Harris ₂₂ , S He ₁₁ , W He ₂₆ , X He ₄₆ , S Heppelmann ₂₃ , S Heppelmann ₄₇ , N Herrmann ₃₃ , E Hoffman ₁₆ , L Holub ₁₈ , Y Hong ₃₅ , S Horvat ₂₂ , Y Hu ₂₆ , H Z Huang ₂₄ , S L Huang ₁₅ , T Huang ₂₅ , X Huang ₂₈ , T J Humanic ₃ , P Huo ₁₅ , G Igo ₂₄ , D Isenhower ₃₂ , W W Jacobs ₄₈ , C Jena ₄₄ , A Jentsch ₁ , Y Ji ₂₇ , J Jia _{1,

15} , K Jiang ₂₇ , S Jowzaee ₃₇ , X Ju ₂₇ , E G Judd ₃₀ , S Kabana ₁₂ , M L Kabir ₁₄ , S Kagamaster ₄₀ , D Kalinkin ₄₈ , K Kang ₂₈ , D Kapukchyan ₁₄ , K Kauder ₁ , H W Ke ₁ , D Keane ₁₂ , A Kechechyan ₅ , M Kelsey ₃₅ , Y V Khyzhniak ₉ , D P Kikoła ₄₉ , C Kim ₁₄ , B Kimelman ₂₃ , D Kincses ₃₁ , T A Kinghorn ₂₃ , I Kisel ₅₀ , A Kiselev ₁ , A Kisiel ₄₉ , S R Klein ₃₅ , M Kocan ₁₈ , L Kochenda ₉ , L K Kosarzewski ₁₈ , L Kramarik ₁₈ , P Kravtsov ₉ , K Krueger ₅₁ , N Kulathunga Mudiyanselage ₁₆ , L Kumar ₆ , R Kunnawalkam Elayavalli ₃₇ , J H Kwasizur ₄₈ , R Lacey ₁₅ , S Lan ₁₁ , J M Landgraf ₁ , J Lauret ₁ , A Lebedev ₁ , R Lednicky ₅ , J H Lee ₁ , Y H Leung ₃₅ , C Li ₂₇ , W Li ₂₁ , W Li ₅₂ , X Li ₂₇ , Y Li ₂₈ , Y Liang ₁₂ , R Licenik ₁₉ , T Lin ₁₀ , Y Lin ₁₁ , M A Lisa ₃ , F Liu ₁₁ , H Liu ₄₈ , P Liu ₁₅ , P Liu ₅₂ , T Liu ₂₂ , X Liu ₃ , Y Liu ₁₀ , Z Liu ₂₇ , T Ljubicic ₁ , W J Llope ₃₇ , R S Longacre ₁ , N S Lukow ₅₃ , S Luo ₃₉ , X Luo ₁₁ , G L Ma ₅₂ , L Ma ₂₆ , R Ma ₁ , Y G Ma ₅₂ , N Magdy ₃₉ , R Majka ₂₂ , D Mallick ₅₄ , S Margetis ₁₂ , C Markert ₅₅ , H S Matis ₃₅ , J A Mazer ₅₆ , N G Minaev ₃₄ , S Mioduszewski ₁₀ , B Mohanty ₅₄ , I Mooney ₃₇ , Z Moravcova ₁₈ , D A Morozov ₃₄ , M Nagy ₃₁ , J D Nam ₅₃ , Md Nasim ₁₃ , K Nayak ₁₁ , D Neff ₂₄ , J M Nelson ₃₀ , D B Nemes ₂₂ , M Nie ₂₀ , G Nigmatkulov ₉ , T Niida ₃₈ , L V Nogach ₃₄ , T Nonaka ₁₁ , G Odyniec ₃₅ , A Ogawa ₁ , S Oh ₂₂ , V A Okorokov ₉ , B S Page ₁ , R Pak ₁ , A Pandav ₅₄ , Y Panebratsev ₅ , B Pawlik _{2,

57} , D Pawlowska ₄₉ , H Pei ₁₁ , C Perkins ₃₀ , L Pinsky ₁₆ , R L Pintér ₃₁ , J Pluta ₄₉ , J Porter ₃₅ , M Posik ₅₃ , N K Pruthi ₆ , M Przybycien ₂ , J Putschke ₃₇ , H Qiu ₄₆ , A Quintero ₅₃ , S K Radhakrishnan ₁₂ , S Ramachandran ₄ , R L Ray ₅₅ , R Reed ₄₀ , H G Ritter ₃₅ , J B Roberts ₂₁ , O V Rogachevskiy ₅ , J L Romero ₂₃ , L Ruan ₁ , J Rusnak ₁₉ , N R Sahoo ₂₀ , H Sako ₃₈ , S Salur ₅₆ , J Sandweiss ₂₂ , S Sato ₃₈ , W B Schmidke ₁ , N Schmitz ₅₈ , B R Schweid ₁₅ , F Seck ₄₂ , J Seger ₂₉ , M Sergeeva ₂₄ , R Seto ₁₄ , P Seyboth ₅₈ , N Shah ₅₉ , E Shahaliev ₅ , P V Shanmuganathan ₁ , M Shao ₂₇ , F Shen ₂₀ , W Q Shen ₅₂ , S S Shi ₁₁ , Q Y Shou ₅₂ , E P Sichtermann ₃₅ , R Sikora ₂ , M Simko ₁₉ , J Singh ₆ , S Singha ₄₆ , N Smirnov ₂₂ , W Solyst ₄₈ , P Sorensen ₁ , H M Spinka ₅₁ , B Srivastava ₃₆ , T D S Stanislaus ₄₃ , M Stefaniak ₄₉ , D J Stewart ₂₂ , M Strikhanov ₉ , B Stringfellow ₃₆ , A A P Suaide ₆₀ , M Sumbera ₁₉ , B Summa ₄₇ , X M Sun ₁₁ , Y Sun ₂₇ , Y Sun ₆₁ , B Surrow ₅₃ , D N Svirida ₈ , P Szymanski ₄₉ , A H Tang ₁ , Z Tang ₂₇ , A Taranenko ₉ , T Tarnowsky ₆₂ , J H Thomas ₃₅ , A R Timmins ₁₆ , D Tlusty ₂₉ , M Tokarev ₅ , C A Tomkiel ₄₀ , S Trentalange ₂₄ , R E Tribble ₁₀ , P Tribedy ₁ , S K Tripathy ₃₁ , O D Tsai ₂₄ , Z Tu ₁ , T Ullrich ₁ , D G Underwood ₅₁ , I Upsal _{1,

20} , G Van Buren ₁ , J Vanek ₁₉ , A N Vasiliev ₃₄ , I Vassiliev ₅₀ , F Videbæk ₁ , S Vokal ₅ , S A Voloshin ₃₇ , F Wang ₃₆ , G Wang ₂₄ , J S Wang ₆₁ , P Wang ₂₇ , Y Wang ₁₁ , Y Wang ₂₈ , Z Wang ₂₀ , J C Webb ₁ , P C Weidenkaff ₃₃ , L Wen ₂₄ , G D Westfall ₆₂ , H Wieman ₃₅ , S W Wissink ₄₈ , R Witt ₆₃ , Y Wu ₁₄ , Z G Xiao ₂₈ , G Xie ₃₅ , W Xie ₃₆ , H Xu ₆₁ , N Xu ₃₅ , Q H Xu ₂₀ , Y F Xu ₅₂ , Y Xu ₂₀ , Z Xu ₁ , Z Xu ₂₄ , C Yang ₂₀ , Q Yang ₂₀ , S Yang ₁ , Y Yang ₂₅ , Z Yang ₁₁ , Z Ye ₂₁ , Z Ye ₃₉ , L Yi ₂₀ , K Yip ₁ , H Zbroszczyk ₄₉ , W Zha ₂₇ , D Zhang ₁₁ , S Zhang ₂₇ , S Zhang ₅₂ , X P Zhang ₂₈ , Y Zhang ₂₇ , Y Zhang ₁₁ , Z J Zhang ₂₅ , Z Zhang ₁ , J Zhao ₃₆ , C Zhong ₅₂ , C Zhou ₅₂ , X Zhu ₂₈ , Z Zhu ₂₀ , M Zurek ₃₅ , M Zyzak ₅₀ ,

Affiliation

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.
AGH University of Science and Technology, FPACS, Cracow 30-059, Poland.
Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210.
University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055.
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980, Russia.
Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata 700064, India.
Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC "Kurchatov Institute," Moscow 117218, Russia.
National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409, Russia.
Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843.
Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079.
Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242.
Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Berhampur 760010, India.
University of California, Riverside, California 92521.
State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794.
University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204.
University of Jammu, Jammu 180001, India.
Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic.
Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic.
Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237.
Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251.
Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520.
University of California, Davis, California 95616.
University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095.
National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101.
Fudan University, Shanghai 200433.
University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026.
Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084.
Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska 68178.
University of California, Berkeley, California 94720.
ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest H-1117, Hungary.
Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas 79699.
University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.
NRC "Kurchatov Institute", Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281, Russia.
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720.
Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907.
Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201.
University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan.
University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607.
Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015.
Southern Connecticut State University, New Haven, Connecticut 06515.
Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64289, Germany.
Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, Indiana 46383.
Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India.
American University of Cairo, New Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt.
Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000.
Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802.
Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408.
Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland.
Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies FIAS, Frankfurt 60438, Germany.
Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439.
Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800.
Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122.
National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni 752050, India.
University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712.
Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854.
Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Cracow 31-342, Poland.
Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Munich 80805, Germany.
Indian Institute Technology, Patna, Bihar 801106, India.
Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05314-970, Brazil.
Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000.
Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824.
United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland 21402.

The Breit-Wheeler process which produces matter and antimatter from photon collisions is experimentally investigated through the observation of 6085 exclusive electron-positron pairs in ultraperipheral

Au + Au

collisions at

\sqrt{s_{N N}} = 200 GeV

. The measurements reveal a large fourth-order angular modulation of

\cos 4 Δ ϕ = (16.8 \pm 2.5) %

and smooth invariant mass distribution absent of vector mesons (

ϕ

ω

, and

ρ

) at the experimental limit of

\leq 0.2 %

of the observed yields. The differential cross section as a function of

e^{+} e^{-}

pair transverse momentum

P_{⊥}

peaks at low value with

\sqrt{⟨ P_{⊥}^{2} ⟩} = 38.1 \pm 0.9 MeV

and displays a significant centrality dependence. These features are consistent with QED calculations for the collision of linearly polarized photons quantized from the extremely strong electromagnetic fields generated by the highly charged Au nuclei at ultrarelativistic speed. The experimental results have implications for vacuum birefringence and for mapping the magnetic field which is important for emergent QCD phenomena.

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