Purpose

Recent refugees in the Netherlands face barriers on the road to starting their own business. Few studies have looked at barriers specific to recent refugees. In this article, these barriers are analysed through the eyes of support programmes that aim to help recent refugees to become an entrepreneur.

Design/methodology/approach

The experiences of seven support programmes were explored using in-depth interviews to evaluate how the approaches were supporting recent refugees. The programmes were mostly private initiatives with public funding, focused on local support for recent refugees. They were first interviewed in 2017, followed by in-depth interviews in 2018. Their narratives were used to gain in-depth impressions of the route recent refugees have to follow to start a business.

Findings

The results strongly suggest that the most prominent obstacles recent refugees face are connected to the political-institutional context of Dutch society. National provisions and the local implementation of these provisions have created a complicated web that is hard to untangle for newcomers. Language skills and network formation are additional barriers.

Research limitations/implications

These barriers are not overcome by using traditional education and training programmes focused around skills and motivation of the potential entrepreneur. Support programmes should focus on support to understand or overcome the bureaucratic complexity. The trainings should also increase language skills and offer support in network formation.

Originality/value

The empirical data in this study reveal that the focus of training programmes may have to shift to overcome barriers in the political-institutional context.

中文翻译：

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难民创业：在荷兰遇到的障碍和需求

目的

最近在荷兰的难民在创业路上面临障碍。很少有研究关注近期难民的具体障碍。在本文中，这些障碍通过旨在帮助新难民成为企业家的支持计划的视角进行分析。

设计/方法/方法

使用深度访谈探讨了七个支持计划的经验，以评估这些方法如何支持最近的难民。这些计划主要是由公共资金资助的私人倡议，重点是当地对新难民的支持。他们于 2017 年首次接受采访，随后在 2018 年进行了深度采访。他们的叙述被用来深入了解最近难民创业必须遵循的路线。

发现

结果强烈表明，近期难民面临的最突出障碍与荷兰社会的政治制度背景有关。国家规定和这些规定的地方实施造成了新人难以解开的复杂网络。语言技能和网络形成是额外的障碍。

研究限制/影响

使用以潜在企业家的技能和动机为中心的传统教育和培训计划无法克服这些障碍。支持计划应侧重于支持理解或克服官僚主义的复杂性。培训还应提高语言技能并为网络形成提供支持。

原创性/价值

本研究中的实证数据表明，培训计划的重点可能必须转移，以克服政治制度背景下的障碍。