Self-regulation plays an important role in healthy eating behaviors. The current research explores temporary fluctuations in self-regulation next to variations between individuals. In an online observational study, 892 participants (M^age = 44.3, SD^age = 12.7) monitored their self-regulation three times a week before a meal moment for 3 weeks. To analyze the data, a random intercept and slopes model was used, including variables on within-individual level (i.e. meal moment, tiredness, distractedness, social, and physical environment) and variables on between-individual level (i.e. self-efficacy, intrinsic motivation, and perception of social and physical opportunity). Self-regulation was found to be higher at breakfast compared with dinner (estimate = −0.08, p < .001), higher at home than out-of-home (estimate = −0.08, p < .001) and lower when individuals are more tired (estimate = 0.04, p < .001) and distracted (estimate = 0.07, p < .001). Moreover, self-regulation was higher for individuals with higher levels of intrinsic motivation (estimate = 0.19, p < .001) and self-efficacy (estimate = 0.41, p < .001). Insights from this research advance our knowledge regarding temporal influences on self-regulation and can provide input for behavior change tools such as personalized dietary advice.

中文翻译：

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背景很重要：不同饮食场合下健康饮食的自我调节

自我调节在健康饮食行为中起着重要作用。目前的研究探索了个体之间自我调节的暂时波动。在一项在线观察研究中，892 名参与者（M^年龄 = 44.3，SD^年龄 = 12.7）在用餐前每周 3 次监测他们的自我调节，持续 3 周。为了分析数据，使用了随机截距和斜率模型，包括个体内部变量（即进餐时间、疲倦、分心、社交和物理环境）和个体之间变量（即自我效能、内在动机，以及对社会和身体机会的感知）。与晚餐相比，早餐的自我调节能力更高（估计 = -0.08，p < .001)，在家中高于户外（估计 = -0.08，p  < .001），当个体更疲倦（估计 = 0.04，p  < .001）和分心（估计 = 0.07，p  < .001)。此外，具有较高内在动机（估计 = 0.19，p  < .001）和自我效能（估计 = 0.41，p  < .001）的个体的自我调节能力更高。这项研究的见解提高了我们对自我调节的时间影响的认识，并可以为行为改变工具提供输入，例如个性化饮食建议。