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Investigating the pilot point ensemble Kalman filter for geostatistical inversion and data assimilation
Advances in Water Resources ( IF 4.0 ) Pub Date : 2021-07-27 , DOI: 10.1016/j.advwatres.2021.104010
Johannes Keller 1, 1, 2, 3 , Harrie-Jan Hendricks Franssen 2, 3 , Wolfgang Nowak 4
Affiliation  

Parameter estimation has a high importance in the geosciences. The ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) allows parameter estimation for large, time-dependent systems. For large systems, the EnKF is applied using small ensembles, which may lead to spurious correlations and, ultimately, to filter divergence. We present a thorough evaluation of the pilot point ensemble Kalman filter (PP-EnKF), a variant of the ensemble Kalman filter for parameter estimation. In this evaluation, we explicitly state the update equations of the PP-EnKF, discuss the differences of this update equation compared to the update equations of similar EnKF methods, and perform an extensive performance comparison. The performance of the PP-EnKF is tested and compared to the performance of seven other EnKF methods in two model setups, a tracer setup and a well setup. In both setups, the PP-EnKF performs well, ranking better than the classical EnKF. For the tracer setup, the PP-EnKF ranks third out of eight methods. At the same time, the PP-EnKF yields estimates of the ensemble variance that are close to EnKF results from a very large-ensemble reference, suggesting that it is not affected by underestimation of the ensemble variance. In a comparison of the ensemble variances, the PP-EnKF ranks first and third out of eight methods. Additionally, for the well model and ensemble size 50, the PP-EnKF yields correlation structures significantly closer to a reference than the classical EnKF, an indication of the method’s skill to suppress spurious correlations for small ensemble sizes.



中文翻译:

研究用于地统计反演和数据同化的先导点集合卡尔曼滤波器

参数估计在地球科学中具有重要意义。集成卡尔曼滤波器 (EnKF) 允许对大型时间相关系统进行参数估计。对于大型系统,EnKF 使用小型集成应用,这可能会导致虚假相关,并最终过滤发散。我们对引导点集成卡尔曼滤波器 (PP-EnKF) 进行了全面评估,这是用于参数估计的集成卡尔曼滤波器的变体。在本次评估中,我们明确说明了 PP-EnKF 的更新方程,讨论了该更新方程与类似 EnKF 方法的更新方程的差异,并进行了广泛的性能比较。对 PP-EnKF 的性能进行了测试,并在两个模型设置(示踪剂设置和井设置)中与其他七种 EnKF 方法的性能进行了比较。在这两种设置中,PP-EnKF 表现良好,排名优于经典 EnKF。对于示踪剂设置,PP-EnKF 在八种方法中排名第三。同时,PP-EnKF 产生的集合方差估计值接近于来自非常大的集合参考的 EnKF 结果,表明它不受低估集合方差的影响。在集合方差的比较中,PP-EnKF 在八种方法中排名第一和第三。此外,对于井模型和集合大小 50,PP-EnKF 产生的相关结构比经典 EnKF 更接近参考,这表明该方法能够抑制小集合大小的虚假相关。PP-EnKF 产生的集合方差估计值接近于来自非常大的集合参考的 EnKF 结果,表明它不受低估集合方差的影响。在集合方差的比较中,PP-EnKF 在八种方法中排名第一和第三。此外,对于井模型和集合大小 50,PP-EnKF 产生的相关结构比经典 EnKF 更接近参考,这表明该方法能够抑制小集合大小的虚假相关。PP-EnKF 产生的集合方差估计值接近于来自非常大的集合参考的 EnKF 结果,表明它不受低估集合方差的影响。在集合方差的比较中,PP-EnKF 在八种方法中排名第一和第三。此外,对于井模型和集合大小 50,PP-EnKF 产生的相关结构比经典 EnKF 更接近参考,这表明该方法能够抑制小集合大小的虚假相关。

更新日期:2021-08-09
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