Rechargeable lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are one of the most promising alternatives to effectively bypass fossil fuels. However, long-term energy application of LIBs could be restricted in the future due to the increased production cost of LIB arising from the shortage and inaccessibility of Li in the Earth's crust. Na or K have been considered as substitutes for Li but in spite of their natural abundance, they suffer from low gravimetric/volumetric energy density. An alternative to increase the efficiency of sodium-ion battery (SIBs) and potassium-ion battery (KIBs) is to focus on finding the high‐performing negative electrode, the anode. The large volume changes of alloying and conversion type anodes for KIBs and SIBs make hard carbons to a better option on this regard than usual graphitic carbons, but a key obstacle is the reliance on unsustainable sources. Thus, biomass-derived carbon could offer a promising alternative, and it has indeed been in the focus of much recent work. This review highlights the recent advances in using carbon extracted from various biomass sources in rechargeable Li-, Na-, and K-ion batteries. Maximizing the energy and power densities as well as the lifetime of carbon anodes require an exploration of the right balance between carbon structures, pore morphology, chemical composition and alkali metal-ion storage. Thus, in this review, first, we take stock of key challenges and opportunities to extract carbon from various plants structural components and identify the extracted carbon structure compared to graphite-like structure. Then, we provide an overview on morphological and structural modification of the extracted carbons. Finally, we show how the physicochemical properties, structural alignment and morphological variation of the biomass-derived carbon can affect the storage mechanism and electrochemical performance. The extensive overview of this topic provided here is expected to stimulate further work on environmentally friendly battery design and towards the optimization of the battery performance. Electrode materials in alkali-metal-ion batteries that are based on biomass-derived carbon may allow not only a technical breakthrough, but also an ethically and socially acceptable product.

可充电锂离子电池 (LIB) 是有效绕过化石燃料的最有前途的替代品之一。然而，由于地壳中锂的短缺和无法获取导致锂离子电池的生产成本增加，未来锂离子电池的长期能源应用可能会受到限制。Na 或 K 被认为是 Li 的替代品，但尽管它们天然丰富，但它们的重量/体积能量密度较低。提高钠离子电池（SIBs）和钾离子电池（KIBs）效率的另一种方法是专注于寻找高性能的负极，即阳极。KIBs 和 SIBs 合金化和转化型阳极的大体积变化使硬碳在这方面比通常的石墨碳更好，但一个关键障碍是依赖不可持续的资源。因此，生物质衍生的碳可以提供一种有前途的替代品，而且它确实是最近许多工作的重点。本综述重点介绍了在可充电锂离子、钠离子和钾离子电池中使用从各种生物质来源中提取的碳的最新进展。最大化碳阳极的能量和功率密度以及寿命需要探索碳结构、孔隙形态、化学成分和碱金属离子存储之间的正确平衡。因此，在这篇综述中，首先，我们评估了从各种植物结构成分中提取碳的关键挑战和机遇，并与类石墨结构相比确定了提取的碳结构。然后，我们概述了提取的碳的形态和结构改性。最后，我们展示了生物质衍生碳的物理化学性质、结构排列和形态变化如何影响存储机制和电化学性能。此处提供的对本主题的广泛概述有望刺激环保电池设计和电池性能优化方面的进一步工作。基于生物质衍生碳的碱金属离子电池中的电极材料不仅可以实现技术突破，而且可以成为道德和社会可接受的产品。生物质衍生碳的结构排列和形态变化会影响存储机制和电化学性能。此处提供的对本主题的广泛概述有望刺激环保电池设计和电池性能优化方面的进一步工作。基于生物质衍生碳的碱金属离子电池中的电极材料不仅可以实现技术突破，而且可以成为道德和社会可接受的产品。生物质衍生碳的结构排列和形态变化会影响存储机制和电化学性能。此处提供的对本主题的广泛概述有望刺激环保电池设计和电池性能优化方面的进一步工作。基于生物质衍生碳的碱金属离子电池中的电极材料不仅可以实现技术突破，而且可以成为道德和社会可接受的产品。