Students of public policy have spent considerable effort setting out the types of policy instruments or tools available to policymakers in different stages of the policy process. A nascent strand of this important work concerns the agend-asetting phase, where scholars aim to understand the instruments – procedural and substantive – that government uses to shape the issues that it has to address. There is however limited engagement between scholarship on interest groups and this ongoing discussion around agenda-setting tools. This paper aims to fill this gap by identifying different types of agenda-setting tools deployed by government which are used to shape engagement from organised interests. These tools are classified as those which governments use to routinise demands, regularise demands, generate demands, and impose issues onto the agenda. The paper refocuses attention of policy scholars onto the means and strategies that policymakers deploy to manage government agendas, a process which has clear implications for what becomes a policy problem and thereafter potentially subject to governmental action.

中文翻译：

---

议程设置工具：管理政策需求的手段和战略

研究公共政策的学生花费了大量精力来确定政策制定者在政策过程的不同阶段可以使用的政策工具或工具的类型。这项重要工作的一个新生部分涉及议程设置阶段，学者们旨在了解政府用来塑造其必须解决的问题的工具——程序性和实质性工具。然而，关于利益集团的学术研究与围绕议程设置工具的持续讨论之间的互动有限。本文旨在通过确定政府部署的不同类型的议程设置工具来填补这一空白，这些工具用于从有组织的利益中塑造参与。这些工具被归类为政府用来使需求例行化、规范化需求、产生需求和将问题列入议程的工具。