Targeted observations for Typhoon Maria (2018) using the Geostationary Interferometric Infrared Sounder (GIIRS) at a temporal resolution of 15 min provide unprecedented information for impact studies of high-temporal-resolution from geostationary hyperspectral IR sounders. This study investigates the impacts of different temporal resolutions for GIIRS assimilation on Maria analyses and forecasts. Results reveal that assimilating higher resolution data captures more detailed temporal and spatial structures and stronger warm anomalies. Additionally, the track forecast for Maria from assimilating higher temporal resolution GIIRS radiances is better than those from assimilating radiances with lower temporal resolution, and both are better than the control experiment. The accuracy of the different temporal resolutions GIIRS experiments (from 3 h to 15 min) is improved (from 18% to 43%), and the intensity forecast errors are also reduced (from 12% to 18%). Meanwhile, high-temporal GIIRS assimilation also improves the coastal precipitation forecasts during typhoon landfall.

中文翻译：

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高时间分辨率 FY-4A 地球静止干涉红外测深仪 (GIIRS) 辐射测量对台风预报的影响：Maria (2018) 案例与 GRAPES 全球 4D-Var 同化系统

使用地球静止干涉红外测深仪 (GIIRS) 以 15 分钟的时间分辨率对台风玛丽亚 (2018) 进行有针对性的观测，为地球静止高光谱红外测深仪的高时间分辨率影响研究提供了前所未有的信息。本研究调查了 GIIRS 同化的不同时间分辨率对 Maria 分析和预测的影响。结果表明，同化更高分辨率的数据可以捕获更详细的时空结构和更强的暖异常。此外，通过同化较高时间分辨率 GIIRS 辐射对 Maria 的轨迹预测优于同化具有较低时间分辨率的辐射，并且两者都优于控制实验。不同时间分辨率的 GIIRS 实验（从 3 小时到 15 分钟）的准确性提高了（从 18% 到 43%），强度预测误差也降低了（从 12% 到 18%）。同时，GIIRS 同化也提高了台风登陆期间沿海降水预报。