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Morphometric study of Kalophrynus palmatissimus at two forest reserves in Malaysia
Ecology and Evolution ( IF 2.3 ) Pub Date : 2021-07-27 , DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7721
Muhammad Faris Abdul Aziz 1 , Marina Mohd Top Mohd Tah 1, 2 , Shamarina Shohaimi 1 , Nurul Izza Ab Ghani 1 , Christine Fletcher 3
Affiliation  

A research study on morphometrics of Kalophrynus palmatissimus (commonly known as Lowland Grainy Frog) at Ayer Hitam Forest Reserve (AHFR), Selangor and Pasoh Forest Reserve (PFR), Negeri Sembilan was carried out from 12 November 2016 to 13 September 2017. The study was to examine data on the morphometric traits of K. palmatissimus at the two forest reserves. 15 morphometric traits of K. palmatissimus that were taken by using vernier calipers. Frog surveys were done by using 15 and 18 nocturnal 400 m transect lines with an interval distance of 20 m at AHFR and PFR, respectively. The GPS coordinates for all frog samples were recorded to ensure the precise geographic location. In addition, five climatic data were recorded. The results showed that most morphometric traits in AHFR (n = 34) and PFR (n = 31) were positively correlated with each other. On the other hand, climatic factor, which was soil pH, had a significant positive influence on most of the morphometric traits (p < .01), except for tympanum diameter and upper eyelid width (p ≥ .05). Meanwhile, the temperature had a significantly negative influence on all morphometric traits (p < .01). General linear model (GLM) analysis showed that snout-vent length (SVL) influenced most morphometric traits (F ≤ 80.86, p < .01), except for hand length (HAL: F = 0.299, p > .05). Later, it was found that the snout-vent length of K. palmatissimus at AHFR was slightly larger than at PFR (AHFR: μ = 37.00 mm, SE = 1.16 c.f. PFR: μ = 30.29 mm, SE = 1.07). It showed that there were variations in morphometric traits of K. palmatissimus at AHFR and PFR. From PCA analysis, morphometric traits are grouped into two components for AHFR and PFR, respectively. In AHFR, head length, eye diameter, head width, internarial distance, interorbital distance, forearm length, tibia length, foot length, and thigh length were strongly correlated, while snout length and eye-nostril distance were strongly correlated. In PFR, eye diameter, head width, internarial distance, interorbital distance, foot length, and thigh length were strongly correlated, though snout length and eye-nostril distance were strongly correlated, hence, suggested that all morphometric traits grow simultaneously in K. palmatissimus with eye-nostril distance (EN), and snout length (SL) growing almost simultaneously at AHFR (r = .91) and PFR (r = .97). There is still a lack of available information regarding the distribution and morphometric studies of K. palmatissimus in Malaysia, especially at AHFR and PFR. This study showed 15 different morphometric traits of K. palmatisssimus between AHFR and PFR, with K. palmatissimus at AHFR were found to be slightly larger than at PFR.

中文翻译:


马来西亚两个森林保护区的掌叶蕨形态测量研究



2016年11月12日至2017年9月13日,对雪兰莪亚依淡森林保护区(AHFR)和森美兰巴索森林保护区(PFR)的Kalophrynus palmatissimus (俗称低地粒蛙)的形态测量进行了研究。该研究目的是检查两个森林保护区K. palmatissimus的形态特征数据。用游标卡尺测得的掌堇的15个形态特征。在 AHFR 和 PFR 处分别使用 15 条和 18 条间隔距离为 20 m 的夜间 400 m 样线进行青蛙调查。记录所有青蛙样本的 GPS 坐标,以确保精确的地理位置。此外,还记录了五种气候数据。结果表明,AHFR ( n = 34) 和 PFR ( n = 31) 中的大多数形态测量性状彼此呈正相关。另一方面,气候因素,即土壤pH值,对大多数形态特征( p %3C.01)具有显着的积极影响,除了鼓室直径和上眼睑宽度( p≥.05 )。同时,温度对所有形态性状都有显着的负面影响( p <.01)。一般线性模型 (GLM) 分析表明,口鼻部长度 (SVL) 影响大多数形态特征 ( F ≤ 80.86, p < .01),但手长除外 (HAL: F = 0.299, p > .05)。后来发现,AHFR 处的掌掌猴口鼻部长度略大于 PFR 处的长度(AHFR: μ = 37.00 mm, SE = 1.16 cf。PFRμ = 30.29 mm, SE = 1.07)。 结果表明,掌嵩草的AHFR和PFR形态计量性状存在差异。根据 PCA 分析,形态特征分为 AHFR 和 PFR 两个组成部分。在AHFR中,头长、眼直径、头宽、内距、眼眶距、前臂长、胫骨长、足长和大腿长强相关,而口鼻长和眼鼻孔距离强相关。在 PFR 中,眼径、头宽、内距、眼眶距、足长和大腿长呈强相关性,但口鼻部长度和眼鼻孔距离呈强相关性,因此表明所有形态特征在掌掌猴中同时生长在 AHFR ( r = .91) 和 PFR ( r = .97) 下,眼鼻孔距离 (EN) 和口鼻长度 (SL) 几乎同时增长。目前仍缺乏有关马来西亚掌掌K. palmatissimus的分布和形态测量研究的可用信息,特别是在 AHFR 和 PFR 方面。本研究显示了 AHFR 和 PFR 之间的掌堇的 15 种不同的形态特征,其中 AHFR 处的掌堇被发现比 PFR 处的稍大。
更新日期:2021-08-16
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