Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) has historically been attributable to tobacco and alcohol exposure and saw a decline in incidence after societal norms shifted away from smoking. In recent decades, this disease has had a re-emergence due to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, now surpassing cervical cancer as the number 1 cause of HPV-related cancer in the United States. HPV-positive OPSCC differs from HPV-negative disease in epidemiology, prognosis, treatment, and prevention. Additionally, there is a deficit in awareness of the causal relationship between HPV and OPSCC. This, coupled with low vaccination rates, puts primary care providers in a unique position to play a vital role in prevention and early diagnosis. In this review, we highlight the epidemiology, screening, patient presentation, diagnosis, prognosis, and prevention of HPV-positive OPSCC, with a focus on the primary care provider's role.

中文翻译：

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人乳头瘤病毒相关的头颈癌

口咽鳞状细胞癌 (OPSCC) 历来归因于烟草和酒精暴露，并且在社会规范不再吸烟后发病率下降。近几十年来，这种疾病由于人乳头瘤病毒 (HPV) 感染而重新出现，现已超过宫颈癌，成为美国 HPV 相关癌症的第一大病因。HPV 阳性 OPSCC 在流行病学、预后、治疗和预防方面与 HPV 阴性疾病不同。此外，对 HPV 和 OPSCC 之间因果关系的认识存在缺陷。这一点，再加上低疫苗接种率，使初级保健提供者处于独特的地位，可以在预防和早期诊断中发挥重要作用。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍了流行病学、筛查、患者表现、诊断、预后、