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Proactive and reactive geoengineering: Engineering the climate and the lithosphere
WIREs Climate Change ( IF 9.4 ) Pub Date : 2021-07-26 , DOI: 10.1002/wcc.732 Jeroen Oomen 1 , Martin Meiske 2
WIREs Climate Change ( IF 9.4 ) Pub Date : 2021-07-26 , DOI: 10.1002/wcc.732 Jeroen Oomen 1 , Martin Meiske 2
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In recent years, the idea of geoengineering, understood as large-scale interventions in the planet's climate to counteract anthropogenic climate change, has steadily increased its visibility. Presented explicitly as an approach to climate change, geoengineering is positioned as a response, a reactive fix. Geoengineering, however, has a longer and broader history than the current climate crisis. It has long been an umbrella term for large-scale projects in which various Earth sciences meet dreams about human ecosphere interventions, especially regarding lithosphere and climate and weather modifications. In this paper, we review the history of geoengineering, focusing specifically on climate geoengineering and lithosphere geoengineering. We draw attention to the difference between “proactive” (“high-modernist”), aimed at mastery over nature, and “reactive” forms of geoengineering, hoping to address anthropogenic environmental degradation technologically. Additionally, we trace historical (dis)continuities between the older, proactive, form of geoengineering and their recent reframing as a technological fix—specifically around the question to what extent nature's complex systems can be known and controlled. Finally, we argue for the need to further research the intersections and shared histories between various forms of geoengineering.
中文翻译：
主动和被动地球工程：气候和岩石圈工程
近年来，地球工程的想法被理解为对地球气候进行大规模干预以抵消人为气候变化，其知名度稳步提高。明确提出作为应对气候变化的方法，地球工程被定位为响应，一个反应性修复。然而，与当前的气候危机相比，地球工程的历史更长更广。长期以来，它一直是大型项目的总称，在这些项目中，各种地球科学满足了人类生态圈干预的梦想，尤其是在岩石圈、气候和天气变化方面。在本文中，我们回顾了地球工程的历史，特别关注气候地球工程和岩石圈地球工程。我们提请注意旨在掌握自然的“主动”（“高度现代主义”）与旨在通过技术解决人为环境退化问题的“被动”形式的地球工程之间的区别。此外，我们追踪旧的、主动的、地球工程的形式及其最近被重新定义为一种技术修复——特别是围绕着在多大程度上可以了解和控制自然的复杂系统的问题。最后，我们认为有必要进一步研究各种地球工程形式之间的交叉点和共享历史。
更新日期：2021-07-26
中文翻译：
主动和被动地球工程：气候和岩石圈工程
近年来，地球工程的想法被理解为对地球气候进行大规模干预以抵消人为气候变化，其知名度稳步提高。明确提出作为应对气候变化的方法，地球工程被定位为响应，一个反应性修复。然而，与当前的气候危机相比，地球工程的历史更长更广。长期以来，它一直是大型项目的总称，在这些项目中，各种地球科学满足了人类生态圈干预的梦想，尤其是在岩石圈、气候和天气变化方面。在本文中，我们回顾了地球工程的历史，特别关注气候地球工程和岩石圈地球工程。我们提请注意旨在掌握自然的“主动”（“高度现代主义”）与旨在通过技术解决人为环境退化问题的“被动”形式的地球工程之间的区别。此外，我们追踪旧的、主动的、地球工程的形式及其最近被重新定义为一种技术修复——特别是围绕着在多大程度上可以了解和控制自然的复杂系统的问题。最后，我们认为有必要进一步研究各种地球工程形式之间的交叉点和共享历史。
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