Abstract

Different types of transboundary water exchange in Russia are considered, including through state, administrative, and natural boundaries. The presented characteristics refer to atmospheric moisture transport, wind induced mixing of snow, water transport in the form of runoff through the boundaries of individual landscape elements and through the boundaries of natural zones. The extent of the transport of water as a component of production is evaluated. The water transport through Russian boundaries is the largest in the atmosphere and with sea currents. The transboundary river inflow accounts for 4–5% of the total resources of river flow in Russia, and the outflow accounts for 1–2%. Much larger transboundary river water exchange takes place between individual constituent territories of the Russian Federation. Thus, the water resources of Astrakhan oblast are almost entirely formed by the transit flow of the Volga. River water exchange between constituent territories of the Russian Federation, its federal districts, and nearby states, as well as the effect of transboundary water exchange on water quality receive special attention. The major problems associated with transboundary water transport and ways of their solution are identified.

中文翻译：

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俄罗斯跨界水交换

摘要

考虑了俄罗斯不同类型的跨界水交换，包括通过国家、行政和自然边界。所呈现的特征是指大气水分输送、风引起的雪混合、以径流形式通过各个景观元素边界和自然区域边界的水输送。评估作为生产组成部分的水的运输程度。通过俄罗斯边界的水运是大气和海流中最大的。跨界河流流入量占俄罗斯河流总流量的4-5%，流出量占1-2%。更大的跨界河水交换发生在俄罗斯联邦的各个组成领土之间。因此，阿斯特拉罕州的水资源几乎完全由伏尔加河的过境流形成。俄罗斯联邦各组成领土、其联邦区和附近州之间的河流水交换以及跨界水交换对水质的影响受到特别关注。确定了与跨界水路运输相关的主要问题及其解决方法。