The evolution law for the mining-induced deformation and failure of surrounding rock is an important parameter for coal mine work safety. Accurate detection is a scientific matter worthy of in-depth study. A 4 m × 1.5 m × 0.4 m planar stress similarity model was built to simulate the excavation of a coal seam, with a total advance distance of 2.05 m. A Brillouin optical time domain analysis (BOTDA) sensing optical cable and 128 resistivity sensor units embedded in the model were used to dynamically monitor the internal deformation of the model and comparatively analyze the evolution characteristics of the strain field and geoelectric field under mining conditions, thereby revealing the development mechanism of the deformation and failure of the rock stratum. The test results showed that with the fracture of the rock stratum and the opening and closing of the abscission layer, synchronous deformation inside the rock stratum could be reflected by using two methods with the same development trends; for the tests in the range of deformation and failure of surrounding rock in stopes, the maximum errors of BOTDA and the network parallel electric method were 1% and 2%, respectively; the relationship between rock migration and the evolution of different field sources was revealed, and the stress concentration zone, high-resistance zone and severe deformation and failure zone presented a good correspondence. The elastic modulus of the rock stratum was inversely proportional to the deformation level. Furthermore, a field test was carried out on the 1231(1) working face haulage roadway of a mine in Huainan city. Based on the distribution characteristics of the strain field and the geoelectric field, the mining-induced deformation and failure zone of the rock surrounding the roadway were quantitatively delineated. The results showed that “optic-electric” monitoring improved the interpretation accuracy of the anomaly zone and that the test system can quantitatively divide the zones of fracture, plasticity, elasticity and original stress in the surrounding rock, with diffusion radii of 6 m, 18 m, 55 m and > 55 m, respectively. The stratum migration mechanism of the simulation test was further verified and indicated that the test system was scientific and generally widely applicable. The results provide a useful reference for the application of the “optic-electric” method in the monitoring of surrounding rock, which reveals geological disaster information under mining conditions and provides technical guidance for the precise mining of coal and its associated resources. Modern information technology should be deeply integrated at a later stage, and an Internet + “optic-electric” field monitoring method should be developed to further integrate intelligent prevention and control of geological disaster.

采动围岩变形破坏演化规律是煤矿安全生产的重要参数。准确检测是值得深入研究的科学问题。建立一个4 m×1.5 m×0.4 m的平面应力相似模型来模拟煤层的开挖，总推进距离为2.05 m。利用布里渊光时域分析（BOTDA）传感光缆和嵌入模型的128个电阻率传感器单元动态监测模型内部变形，对比分析采矿条件下应变场和地电场的演化特征，从而揭示了岩层变形破坏的发展机制。试验结果表明，随着岩层的破裂和脱落层的开合，采用两种发展趋势相同的方法可以反映岩层内部的同步变形；在采场围岩变形破坏范围内的试验中，BOTDA和网络并联电法的最大误差分别为1%和2%；揭示了岩石运移与不同场源演化的关系，应力集中区、高阻区和严重变形破坏区呈现出良好的对应关系。岩层的弹性模量与变形程度成反比。此外，还对淮南市某矿山1231（1）工作面运输巷道进行了现场试验。根据应变场和地电场的分布特征，定量圈定巷道围岩采动变形破坏区。结果表明，“光电”监测提高了异常带的解释精度，测试系统可以定量划分围岩的断裂带、塑性带、弹性带和原始应力带，扩散半径为6 m，18 m、55 m 和 > 55 m，分别。进一步验证了模拟试验的地层迁移机理，表明该试验体系具有科学性和普遍适用性。研究结果为“光电”法在围岩监测中的应用提供了有益的参考，揭示开采条件下的地质灾害信息，为煤炭及其伴生资源的精准开采提供技术指导。后期要深度融合现代信息技术，发展互联网+“光电”现场监测手段，进一步融合地质灾害智能防控。