The new species, Paroctopus cthulu sp. nov. Leite, Lima, Lima and Haimovici was recorded from shallow coastal waters of south and southeastern Brazil, where most specimens were found sheltered in marine debris. It is a small octopus; adults are less than 35 mm mantle length (ML) and weight around 15 g. It has short- to medium-sized arms, enlarged suckers on the arms of both males and females, a relatively large beak (9% ML) and medium to large mature eggs (3.5 to > 9 mm). The characteristics of hatchlings of two brooding females, some of their anatomical features, and in situ observations of their behavior are a clue to the life history of it and closely related pygmy octopuses. The Bayesian phylogenetic analysis showed that Paroctopus cthulu sp. nov. is grouped in a well-supported clade of Paroctopus Naef, 1923 species, clearly distinct from Octopus joubini Robson, 1929 and Paroctopus mercatoris (Adam, 1937) from the Northwestern Atlantic. The description of this new species, living in habitat altered by humans, debris in shallow water off Brazil, offered an opportunity not only to evaluate the relationship among the small octopuses of the western Atlantic, Caribbean and eastern Pacific, but also their adaptation to the Anthropocene period.

新物种Paroctopus cthulu sp。十一月 Leite、Lima、Lima 和 Haimovici 来自巴西南部和东南部的浅海沿岸水域，在那里发现的大多数标本都躲藏在海洋垃圾中。它是一只小章鱼；成年人的地幔长度 (ML) 小于 35 毫米，重量约为 15 克。它有短到中等大小的手臂，雄性和雌性手臂上都有增大的吸盘，相对较大的喙（9% ML）和中到大的成熟卵（3.5 到 > 9 毫米）。两只正在孵卵的雌性小章鱼的特征、一些解剖学特征以及对其行为的原位观察是了解它和密切相关的侏儒章鱼生活史的线索。贝叶斯系统发育分析表明，Paroctopus cthulusp. 十一月 被归入支持良好的Paroctopus Naef进化枝，1923 种，明显区别于Octopus joubini Robson，1929 和来自西北大西洋的Paroctopus mercatoris（Adam，1937）。对这个新物种的描述，生活在被人类改变的栖息地，巴西浅水区的碎片中，不仅提供了一个机会来评估西大西洋、加勒比海和东太平洋的小章鱼之间的关系，而且还提供了它们对适应环境的机会。人类世时期。