Drawing upon fieldwork data collected among a group of Tibetan graduates who attended an internationally linked English training program that dramatically and fundamentally altered their life trajectories, this study argues that these Tibetans acquired individualism prior to individualization practice. Their pathway is in contrast with the tendency found among Korean women “toward individualization without individualism, a region-wide phenomenon in East Asia’. Different scenarios exactly reveal complicatedness and complexity in compressed modernity of East Asia. However, the study also finds that their exercise of individualization did not turn them into an ontological or radical—that is, egoistic—individualist on account of multiple factors. Toward the end of the article, we also recommend replacing the controversial concept of individualization (individualism) with the notion of individuation—a project of the individual that may be geared toward collective action and shared ideals—to avoid conceptual ambiguity in the future. This individuation project is more likely to contribute to both the integrity and identity of the individual in her search for a legitimate status and a settled life in the wider society, as well as a prosperous society in the future.

中文翻译：

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没有完全个性化的个人主义？英语培训项目藏族毕业生的压缩人生轨迹

本研究利用从参加国际联系英语培训项目的藏族毕业生中收集的实地调查数据，该项目从根本上改变了他们的生活轨迹，本研究认为这些藏人在个性化实践之前获得了个人主义。他们的道路与韩国女性中发现的“没有个人主义的个性化趋势”形成鲜明对比，这是东亚地区的一种现象。不同的情景恰恰揭示了东亚压缩现代性的复杂性和复杂性。然而，该研究还发现，由于多种因素，他们的个性化实践并没有使他们成为本体论或激进的——即利己主义的——个人主义者。在文章的结尾，我们还建议将有争议的个性化（个人主义）概念替换为个性化的概念——一个可能面向集体行动和共同理想的个人项目——以避免未来概念上的歧义。这个个性化项目更有可能有助于个人在更广泛的社会中寻求合法地位和安定生活以及未来繁荣社会的完整性和身份认同。