Purpose

Travel interests of tourists during pandemics and outbreaks are reduced due to the prevalence of fear. It induces lifestyle changes, which may hinder efforts to recover the tourism value chain during post-COVID-19 lockdowns. Subscribing to domestic travel and domestic tourism is deemed to mitigate fear and gradually reopen the tourism industry. Although a crucial initiative, evaluating the perceived degree of exposure of tourists to COVID-19 in tourist sites operating under domestic tourism has not been fully explored in the emerging literature, which forms the main departure of this work.

Design/methodology/approach

The problem domain is addressed by adopting multiple criteria sorting method – the VIKORSORT. To demonstrate such application, with 221 survey participants, 35 tourist sites in a province in the central Philippines struggling to revive the tourism industry are evaluated under six attributes that characterize tourists' exposure to COVID-19. To assess its efficacy, the performance of the VIKORSORT is compared to other distance-based multiple criteria sorting methods (i.e. TOPSIS-Sort and CODAS-SORT).

Findings

Results show that proximity and volume of tourist arrivals are considered on top of the priority list of attributes. The use of VIKORSORT yields the assignment of 27 sites to the “moderate exposure” class, and eight under the “high exposure” class, with no tourist site assigned to the “low exposure” class. Sorting the tourist sites reveals some observations that tourists prefer sites (1) with open spaces, (2) with activities having limited group dynamics, (3) that are nature-based, and (4) with tourist arrivals that are not relatively high, with enough land area to practice social distancing. In addition, the assignments of the VIKORSORT with TOPSIS-Sort and CODAS-SORT are consistent at least 90% of the time, demonstrating its efficacy in addressing multiple criteria sorting problems.

Originality/value

This work provides an integrative approach in evaluating tourist sites in view of tourism recovery during pandemics. The findings offer crucial insights for the primary stakeholders (i.e. government, tourist operators, and tourists) in planning, resource allocation decisions, and policy formulation. Policy insights are offered, as well as avenues for future works.

中文翻译：

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旅游景点感知 COVID-19 暴露的多重标准分类：VIKORSORT 的使用

目的

由于恐惧的盛行，游客在大流行和爆发期间的旅行兴趣减少。它会导致生活方式的改变，这可能会阻碍在 COVID-19 后封锁期间恢复旅游价值链的努力。订阅国内旅游和国内旅游被认为可以减轻恐惧并逐步重新开放旅游业。尽管这是一项至关重要的举措，但新兴文献尚未充分探讨评估游客在国内旅游经营的旅游景点中对 COVID-19 的感知程度，这构成了这项工作的主要出发点。

设计/方法/方法

问题域通过采用多标准排序方法——VIKORSORT 来解决。为了证明这种应用，在 221 名调查参与者的情况下，菲律宾中部一个省的 35 个旅游景点正在努力振兴旅游业，根据六项表征游客接触 COVID-19 的属性进行了评估。为了评估其功效，将 VIKORSORT 的性能与其他基于距离的多标准排序方法（即 TOPSIS-Sort 和 CODAS-SORT）进行比较。

发现

结果表明，在属性的优先列表之上考虑了游客到达的接近度和数量。使用 VIKORSORT 将 27 个站点分配到“中等暴露”级别，将 8 个站点分配到“高暴露”级别，没有旅游景点被分配到“低暴露”级别。对旅游景点进行排序可以发现一些观察结果，即游客更喜欢 (1) 有开放空间的地方，(2) 团体活动有限的地方，(3) 以自然为基础的，以及 (4) 游客人数不高的地方，有足够的土地面积来进行社交疏远。此外，带有 TOPSIS-Sort 和 CODAS-SORT 的 VIKORSORT 的分配至少在 90% 的时间是一致的，证明了其在解决多标准排序问题方面的有效性。

原创性/价值

鉴于大流行期间的旅游业复苏，这项工作为评估旅游景点提供了一种综合方法。研究结果为主要利益相关者（即政府、旅游经营者和游客）在规划、资源分配决策和政策制定方面提供了重要的见解。提供了政策见解，以及未来工作的途径。