In endometriosis, an aberrant immune response in the peritoneal environment is evident, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In recent years, some emerging data support an important role for the changes in intracellular metabolic pathways of immune cells in controlling their function. In this study, we aim to investigate the phenotypic and immunometabolism profiling of peritoneal fluid cells in endometriosis patients. By flow cytometry, our results show phenotypic profiling of peritoneal fluid cells with higher percentages of CD45⁺, CD3⁺, CD3⁺CD8⁺, CD3⁺CD56^+, and CD14⁺CD68⁺ cells and the ratio of M2 to M1 macrophages but less CD14⁻CD86⁺ dendritic cells in endometriosis when compared with control. Label-free single-cell Raman trapping analysis shows intracellular changes in decreased collagen, proteins and lipids levels in CD45⁺ immune cells in endometriosis. In the supernatant of peritoneal fluid from endometriosis patients, Raman results reveal extracellular decreased protein and carbohydrate levels but increased lipid and fatty acid levels. Especially, Raman bands indicate both intracellular and extracellular levels of cholesterol and carotenoids decrease in endometriosis patients when compared with controls. This study provides immunometabolism features of the specific microenvironment in the peritoneal cavity and identifies some biological molecules associated with immune dysfunction in endometriosis, which may offer new clues for understanding disease pathology and therapeutic targets.

中文翻译：

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单细胞拉曼诱捕分析揭示子宫内膜异位症腹膜液中的免疫代谢变化

在子宫内膜异位症中，腹膜环境中的异常免疫反应很明显，但其潜在机制仍不清楚。近年来，一些新出现的数据支持免疫细胞细胞内代谢途径的变化在控制其功能方面的重要作用。在这项研究中，我们旨在调查子宫内膜异位症患者腹膜液细胞的表型和免疫代谢分析。通过流式细胞术，我们的结果显示了 CD45 ⁺、CD3 ⁺、CD3 ⁺ CD8 ⁺、CD3 ⁺ CD56 ⁺和 CD14 ⁺ CD68 ⁺百分比较高的腹腔液细胞的表型分析与对照组相比，子宫内膜异位症中 M2 与 M1 巨噬细胞的比例，但 CD14 ^- CD86 ⁺树突细胞较少。无标记单细胞拉曼诱捕分析显示 CD45 ^{+ 中}胶原蛋白、蛋白质和脂质水平降低的细胞内变化子宫内膜异位症中的免疫细胞。在子宫内膜异位症患者的腹腔液上清液中，拉曼结果显示细胞外蛋白质和碳水化合物水平降低，但脂质和脂肪酸水平增加。特别是，拉曼谱带表明，与对照组相比，子宫内膜异位症患者的细胞内和细胞外胆固醇和类胡萝卜素水平均降低。该研究提供了腹腔内特定微环境的免疫代谢特征，并鉴定了一些与子宫内膜异位症免疫功能障碍相关的生物分子，这可能为了解疾病病理和治疗靶点提供新的线索。