Epidemiological estimates indicate that individuals with epilepsy are more likely to experience headaches, including migraine, than individuals without epilepsy. Headaches can be temporally unrelated to seizures, or can occur before, during or after an episode; seizures and migraine attacks are mostly not temporally linked. The pathophysiological links between headaches (including migraine) and epilepsy are complex and have not yet been fully elucidated. Correct diagnoses and appropriate treatment of headaches in individuals with epilepsy is essential, as headaches can contribute substantially to disease burden. Here, we review the insights that have been made into the associations between headache and epilepsy over the past 5 years, including information on the pathophysiological mechanisms and genetic variants that link the two disorders. We also discuss the current best practice for the management of headaches co-occurring with epilepsy and highlight future challenges for this area of research.

流行病学估计表明，与没有癫痫病的人相比，患有癫痫病的人更容易出现头痛，包括偏头痛。头痛可能暂时与癫痫发作无关，也可能发生在发作之前、期间或之后；癫痫发作和偏头痛发作大多与时间无关。头痛（包括偏头痛）和癫痫之间的病理生理学联系很复杂，尚未完全阐明。对癫痫患者的头痛进行正确诊断和适当治疗至关重要，因为头痛会大大增加疾病负担。在这里，我们回顾了过去 5 年中对头痛和癫痫之间关联的见解，包括有关将这两种疾病联系起来的病理生理机制和遗传变异的信息。