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Geoheritage of the Western Khibiny Ingenious Alkaline Rocks Intrusion (Kola Peninsula, Arctic Russia): Evaluation and Geotourism opportunities
Geoheritage ( IF 2.9 ) Pub Date : 2021-07-26 , DOI: 10.1007/s12371-021-00592-6
Milosz Huber 1 , Olga Iakovleva 2 , Galina Zhigunova 3 , Marija Menshakova 4 , Ramziya Gainanova Ramziya 4 , Maria Moroniak 5, 6
Affiliation  

Khibiny mountains are the largest alkaline-rock intrusion of the Kola Peninsula located at its central part and having a considerable impact on local geology. Reaching a height of 1200 m above sea level at its top (the highest point of Kola Peninsula), Khibiny is constructing the regional landscape for tens of kilometers around. Alpine character of the mountains area is unparalleled to any other territories on the Peninsula and is unique with its crags, rock bends, lofty precipices, boulders, crevices, and other landscape rock forms such as the leveling surface in the gable zone, denudation pavement, regoliths, outliers, and samples of physical weathering. In addition, there are numerous thresholds and bends filled with lakes and ponds, underground springs, crevice waterfalls, and other water sources. Such a landscape scenery makes the Khibiny mountain group a popular attraction for tourists and visitors of the region willing to get acquainted with the extraordinary local nature ranging from the taiga forests to the Arctic desert. The area also serves as a habitat for several fauna representatives, including brown bears and various Arctic birds species. The long-lasting human presence in the area manifests itself in the local toponymy of geographical names referring to the Saami language and culture. A particular interest lies in the history of the territory’s colonization and development as well as in numerous artifacts related to the Soviet and Russian imperial past (i.e., US steam engine from the early 1920s). Another option for possible tourist attraction might be found in the unusual substrate of alkaline rocks having a very rare type of mineralization containing eudialyte, lorenzenite, aenigmatite, or arfvedsonite with rare phases particular for only a few places in the world, as well as in a variety of locally discovered minerals that can be observed while hiking in the area. This uniqueness and significance have come to appreciate by establishing a local geological museum serving as a geocenter and by the area itself being acknowledged as a national park. All of this foregrounds the development and formalization of off-road hiking tourist routes. This article aims to meet this need by proposing a tourist trail in the area of western Khibiny while taking the reader on an excursion around this extraordinary area.



中文翻译:

西希比尼巧妙碱性岩石侵入体(俄罗斯北极科拉半岛)的地质遗产:评估和地质旅游机会

希比尼山脉是科拉半岛中部最大的碱性岩侵入体,对当地地质影响较大。Khibiny 的顶部(科拉半岛的最高点)海拔 1200 米,正在构建周围数十公里的区域景观。山区的高山特征是半岛其他任何领土都无法比拟的,其峭壁、岩弯、高崖、巨石、裂隙以及山墙地带的平整面、剥蚀路面、风化层、异常值和物理风化样本。此外,还有许多充满湖泊和池塘、地下泉水、裂隙瀑布等水源的门槛和弯道。这样的风景使 Khibiny 山群成为该地区游客和游客的热门景点,他们愿意了解从针叶林到北极沙漠等非凡的当地自然风光。该地区还是多种动物代表的栖息地,包括棕熊和各种北极鸟类。该地区人类的长期存在体现在当地的地名地名中,这些地名指的是萨米语言和文化。一个特别的兴趣在于该领土的殖民和发展历史以及与苏联和俄罗斯帝国历史有关的众多文物(即 1920 年代初期的美国蒸汽机)。另一个可能的旅游景点的选择可能是在碱性岩石的不寻常基底中找到,该基底具有非常罕见的矿化类型,其中包含 eudialyte、lorenzenite、aenigmatite 或具有稀有相的 arfvedsonite,特别是在世界上只有少数几个地方,以及在在该地区徒步旅行时可以观察到各种当地发现的矿物质。通过建立当地的地质博物馆作为地质中心以及该地区本身被公认为国家公园,这种独特性和重要性得到了认可。所有这些都为越野远足旅游路线的发展和正规化奠定了基础。本文旨在通过在西希比尼地区提出一条旅游路线来满足这一需求,同时带领读者游览这个非凡的地区。lorenzenite、aenigmatite 或 arfvedsonite 具有稀有相,仅在世界上少数几个地方,以及在该地区徒步旅行时可以观察到的各种当地发现的矿物。通过建立当地的地质博物馆作为地质中心以及该地区本身被公认为国家公园,这种独特性和重要性得到了认可。所有这些都为越野远足旅游路线的发展和正规化奠定了基础。本文旨在通过在西希比尼地区提出一条旅游路线来满足这一需求,同时带领读者游览这个非凡的地区。lorenzenite、aenigmatite 或 arfvedsonite 具有稀有相,仅在世界上少数几个地方,以及在该地区徒步旅行时可以观察到的各种当地发现的矿物。通过建立当地的地质博物馆作为地质中心以及该地区本身被公认为国家公园,这种独特性和重要性得到了认可。所有这些都为越野远足旅游路线的发展和正规化奠定了基础。本文旨在通过在西希比尼地区提出一条旅游路线来满足这一需求,同时带领读者游览这个非凡的地区。通过建立当地的地质博物馆作为地质中心以及该地区本身被公认为国家公园,这种独特性和重要性得到了认可。所有这些都为越野远足旅游路线的发展和正规化奠定了基础。本文旨在通过在西希比尼地区提出一条旅游路线,同时带领读者游览这个非凡的地区来满足这一需求。通过建立当地的地质博物馆作为地质中心以及该地区本身被公认为国家公园,这种独特性和重要性得到了认可。所有这些都为越野远足旅游路线的发展和正规化奠定了基础。本文旨在通过在西希比尼地区提出一条旅游路线来满足这一需求,同时带领读者游览这个非凡的地区。

更新日期:2021-07-27
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