Introduction

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has endangered global health, the world economy, and societal values. Despite intensive measures taken around the world, morbidity and mortality remain high as many countries face new waves of infection and the spread of new variants. Worryingly, more and more variants are now being identified, such as 501Y.V1 (B.1.1.7) in the UK, 501Y.V2 (B.1.351) in South Africa, 501Y.V3 in Manaus, Brazil, and B.1.617/B.1.618 in India, which could lead to a severe epidemic rebound. Moreover, some variants have a stronger immune escape ability. To control the new SARS-CoV-2 variant, we may need to develop and redesign new vaccines repeatedly. So it is important to investigate how our immune system combats and responds to SARS-CoV-2 infection to develop safe and effective medical interventions.

Objectives

In this study, we performed a longitudinal and proteome-wide analysis of antibodies in the COVID-19 patients to revealed some immune processes of COVID-19 patients against SARS-CoV-2 and found some dominant epitopes of a potential vaccine.

Methods

Microarray assay, Antibody depletion assays, Neutralization assay.

Results

We profiled a B-cell linear epitope landscape of SARS-CoV-2 and identified the epitopes specifically recognized by either IgM, IgG, or IgA. We found that epitopes more frequently recognized by IgM are enriched in non-structural proteins. We further identified epitopes with different immune responses in severe and mild patients. Moreover, we identified 12 dominant epitopes eliciting antibodies in most COVID-19 patients and identified five key amino acids of epitopes. Furthermore, we found epitope S-82 and S-15 are perfect immunogenic peptides and should be considered in vaccine design.

Conclusion

This data provide useful information and rich resources for improving our understanding of viral infection and developing a novel vaccine/neutralizing antibodies for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2.

中文翻译：

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COVID-19 患者抗体的纵向和全蛋白质组分析揭示了对 SARS-CoV-2 的体液免疫反应的特征

介绍

SARS-CoV-2 大流行已经危及全球健康、世界经济和社会价值观。尽管世界各地采取了密集措施，但由于许多国家面临新的感染浪潮和新变种的传播，发病率和死亡率仍然很高。令人担忧的是，现在越来越多的变种正在被识别，例如英国的 501Y.V1 (B.1.1.7)、南非的 501Y.V2 (B.1.351)、巴西马瑙斯的 501Y.V3 和 B.印度1.617/B.1.618，可能导致疫情严重反弹。而且，一些变体具有更强的免疫逃逸能力。为了控制新的 SARS-CoV-2 变体，我们可能需要反复开发和重新设计新疫苗。因此，研究我们的免疫系统如何对抗和应对 SARS-CoV-2 感染以开发安全有效的医疗干预措施非常重要。

目标

在这项研究中，我们对 COVID-19 患者的抗体进行了纵向和全蛋白质组分析，以揭示 COVID-19 患者针对 SARS-CoV-2 的一些免疫过程，并发现了一些潜在疫苗的主要表位。

方法

微阵列检测、抗体耗竭检测、中和检测。

结果

我们分析了 SARS-CoV-2 的 B 细胞线性表位图谱，并确定了 IgM、IgG 或 IgA 特异性识别的表位。我们发现 IgM 更频繁识别的表位富含非结构蛋白。我们进一步鉴定了在重症和轻度患者中具有不同免疫反应的表位。此外，我们在大多数 COVID-19 患者中鉴定了 12 个主要表位引发抗体，并鉴定了表位的五个关键氨基酸。此外，我们发现表位 S-82 和 S-15 是完美的免疫原性肽，应在疫苗设计中加以考虑。

结论

这些数据为提高我们对病毒感染的理解和开发用于治疗 SARS-CoV-2 的新型疫苗/中和抗体提供了有用的信息和丰富的资源。