In eukaryotic cells, the genetic material is segregated inside the nucleus. This compartmentalization of the genome requires a transport system that allows cells to move molecules across the nuclear envelope, the membrane-based barrier that surrounds the chromosomes. Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) are the central component of the nuclear transport machinery. These large protein channels penetrate the nuclear envelope, creating a passage between the nucleus and the cytoplasm through which nucleocytoplasmic molecule exchange occurs. NPCs are one of the largest protein assemblies of eukaryotic cells and, in addition to their critical function in nuclear transport, these structures also play key roles in many cellular processes in a transport-independent manner. Here we will review the current knowledge of the NPC structure, the cellular mechanisms that regulate their formation and maintenance, and we will provide a brief description of a variety of processes that NPCs regulate.

中文翻译：

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核孔复合体的结构、维护和调节：真核基因组的看门人


在真核细胞中，遗传物质在细胞核内分离。基因组的这种划分需要一个运输系统，该系统允许细胞将分子移动穿过核膜，即围绕染色体的膜屏障。核孔复合体（NPC）是核运输机制的核心组成部分。这些大的蛋白质通道穿透核膜，在细胞核和细胞质之间形成通道，通过该通道发生核细胞质分子交换。 NPC 是真核细胞最大的蛋白质组装体之一，除了在核运输中发挥关键功能外，这些结构还在许多细胞过程中以不依赖运输的方式发挥着关键作用。在这里，我们将回顾目前对 NPC 结构、调节其形成和维持的细胞机制的了解，并将简要描述 NPC 调节的各种过程。