The overview discusses development of the unique fusion plasma diagnostics—Heavy Ion Beam Probing (HIBP) in application to toroidal magnetic plasma devices. The basis of the HIBP measurements of the plasma electric potential and processing of experimental data are considered. Diagnostic systems for probing plasma in tokamaks TM-4, TJ-1, TUMAN-3M and T-10, stellarators WEGA, TJ-II and Uragan-2M are presented. Promising results of the HIBP projects for various existing modern machines, such as TCV, TCABR, MAST, COMPASS, GLOBUS-M2, T-15 MD and W7-X and the international fusion tokamak reactor ITER are given. Results from two machines with similar size and plasma parameters, but with different types of the magnetic con-figuration: axisymmetric tokamak T-10 and helically symmetric stellarator TJ-II are compared. The results of studies of stationary potential profiles and oscillations in the form of quasimonochromatic and broadband fluctuations, turbulent particle flux, fluctuations of density and poloidal magnetic field are presented. The properties of symmetric structures—zonal flows and geodesic acoustic modes of plasma oscillations as well as Alfvén Eigenmodes excited by fast particles from neutral beam injection heating are described. General trends in the behavior of electric potential and turbulence in magnetized fusion plasmas are revealed.

中文翻译：

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重离子束探测从起源到聚变等离子体对称结构研究的演变

概述讨论了独特的聚变等离子体诊断 - 重离子束探测 (HIBP) 在环形磁等离子体设备中的应用。考虑了等离子电势的 HIBP 测量和实验数据处理的基础。介绍了用于探测托卡马克 TM-4、TJ-1、TUMAN-3M 和 T-10、仿星器 WEGA、TJ-II 和 Uragan-2M 中的等离子体的诊断系统。给出了各种现有现代机器的 HIBP 项目的有希望的结果，如 TCV、TCABR、MAST、COMPASS、GLOBUS-M2、T-15 MD 和 W7-X 以及国际聚变托卡马克反应堆 ITER。比较了两台具有相似尺寸和等离子体参数但具有不同类型磁性配置的机器的结果：轴对称托卡马克 T-10 和螺旋对称仿星器 TJ-II。介绍了对准单色和宽带波动、湍流粒子通量、密度波动和极向磁场形式的稳态电位剖面和振荡的研究结果。描述了对称结构的特性——等离子振荡的带状流动和测地线声学模式，以及由中性束注入加热的快速粒子激发的阿尔文本征模式。揭示了磁化聚变等离子体中电势和湍流行为的一般趋势。描述了对称结构的特性——等离子振荡的带状流动和测地线声学模式，以及由中性束注入加热的快速粒子激发的阿尔文本征模式。揭示了磁化聚变等离子体中电势和湍流行为的一般趋势。描述了对称结构的特性——等离子体振荡的带状流动和测地线声学模式，以及由中性束注入加热的快速粒子激发的阿尔文本征模式。揭示了磁化聚变等离子体中电势和湍流行为的一般趋势。