A novel microbial fuel cell-assisted electro-permanganate process (MFC-PM) was proposed for enhanced diclofenac degradation compared to that of the permanganate oxidation process. By utilizing eco-friendly bio-electricity in situ, the MFC-PM process could activate the simultaneous anodic biological metabolism of urea and the cathodic electro-permanganate process. Density functional analysis and experimental evidence revealed the reactive manganese species (Mn(VII)_aq, Mn(VI)_aq, Mn(V)_aq, and Mn(III)_aq), generated via single electron transfer, contributed to diclofenac degradation in the cathodic chamber. The sites of diclofenac with a high Fukui index were preferable to be attacked by reactive manganese species, and diclofenac degradation was mainly accomplished through the ring hydroxylation, ring opening, and decarboxylation processes. Biological detection revealed clostridia were the primary electron donor in the anode chamber in an anaerobic environment. Furthermore, maximum output power density of 1.49 W m⁻³ and the optimal removal of 94.75% diclofenac were obtained within 20 min under the conditions of pH = 3.0, [DCF]₀ = 60 µM, and [PM]₀ = 30 µM. Diclofenac removal efficiency increased with external resistance, higher PM dosage, and lower catholyte pH. In addition, the MFC-PM process displayed excellent applicability in urine and other background substances. The MFC-PM process provided an efficient and energy-free bio-electricity catalytic permanganate oxidation technology for enhancing diclofenac degradation.

中文翻译：

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微生物燃料电池驱动的高锰酸电解法降解尿液中的双氯芬酸

与高锰酸盐氧化工艺相比，提出了一种新型微生物燃料电池辅助高锰酸盐电解工艺 (MFC-PM) 以增强双氯芬酸的降解。通过原位利用生态友好的生物电，MFC-PM过程可以同时激活尿素的阳极生物代谢和阴极电高锰酸盐过程。密度泛函分析和实验证据揭示了活性锰物质（Mn(VII) _aq、Mn(VI) _aq、Mn(V) _aq和 Mn(III) _{aq ）})，通过单电子转移产生，有助于阴极室中的双氯芬酸降解。双氯芬酸的高福井指数位点更容易受到活性锰物种的攻击，双氯芬酸的降解主要通过环羟基化、开环和脱羧过程完成。生物检测表明，梭菌是厌氧环境中阳极室中的主要电子供体。此外，在 pH = 3.0、[DCF] ₀ = 60 µM 和 [PM] ₀的条件下，在 20 分钟内获得了 1.49 W m ^{-3 的}最大输出功率密度和 94.75% 双氯芬酸的最佳去除率= 30 µM。双氯芬酸去除效率随着外部阻力、较高的 PM 剂量和较低的阴极电解液 pH 值而增加。此外，MFC-PM 工艺在尿液和其他背景物质中表现出出色的适用性。MFC-PM工艺为增强双氯芬酸降解提供了一种高效、无能量的生物电催化高锰酸盐氧化技术。