To meet the rising global demand for water, it is necessary to develop membranes capable of efficiently purifying contaminated water sources. Herein, we report a series of novel polysulfone (PSf)/GO-vanillin nanofiltration membranes highly permeable, selective, and fouling resistant. The membranes are composed of two-dimensional (2D) graphite oxide (GO) layers embedded with vanillin as porogen and PSf as the base polymer. There is a growing interest in addressing the synergistic effect of GO and vanillin on improving the permeability and antifouling characteristics of membranes. Various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques were used to perform detailed physicochemical and morphological analyses. The optimized PSf₁₆/GO_0.15-vanillin_0.8 membrane demonstrated 92.5% and 25.4% rejection rate for 2000 ppm magnesium sulphate (MgSO₄) and sodium chloride (NaCl) solutions respectively. Antifouling results showed over 99% rejection for BSA and 93.57% flux recovery ratio (FRR). Experimental work evaluated the antifouling characteristics of prepared membranes to treat landfill leachate wastewater. The results showed 84–90% rejection for magnesium (Mg⁺²) and calcium (Ca⁺²) with 90.32 FRR. The study experimentally demonstrated that adding GO and vanillin to the polymeric matrix significantly improves fouling resistance and membrane performance. Future research will focus on molecular sieving for industrial separations and other niche applications using mixed matrix membranes.

为了满足全球日益增长的水需求，有必要开发能够有效净化受污染水源的膜。在此，我们报告了一系列具有高渗透性、选择性和抗污染性的新型聚砜 (PSf)/GO-香草醛纳滤膜。该膜由嵌入香草醛作为致孔剂和 PSf 作为基础聚合物的二维 (2D) 氧化石墨 (GO) 层组成。人们对解决 GO 和香草醛在改善膜的渗透性和防污特性方面的协同作用越来越感兴趣。使用各种光谱和显微技术进行详细的物理化学和形态分析。优化后的PSf ₁₆ /GO _{0.15 -}香草醛_0.8膜对 2000 ppm 硫酸镁 (MgSO ₄ ) 和氯化钠 (NaCl) 溶液的截留率分别为 92.5% 和 25.4% 。防污结果显示 BSA 的去除率超过 99%，通量回收率 (FRR) 为 93.57%。实验工作评估了制备的膜处理垃圾渗滤液废水的防污特性。结果表明，镁 (Mg ⁺² ) 和钙 (Ca ⁺² ) 的排斥率为 84–90% ，FRR 为 90.32。该研究通过实验证明，在聚合物基质中加入 GO 和香草醛可显着提高抗污染性和膜性能。未来的研究将集中在使用混合基质膜进行工业分离和其他利基应用的分子筛分。