Anthropogenic driven acid gases emission has caused acid rain in many regions globally. Although efforts have been made to assess the effects of acid rain on terrestrial ecosystems, a systematic assessment of growth-related traits across plant aboveground and belowground is lacking. Hence, we performed a phylogenetically controlled meta-analysis of 755 observations from 69 independent studies to quantify the effects of acid rain on six growth-related traits of plant. We estimated the inhibitory effects of acid rain on plant growth in general and found that aboveground and belowground plant parts responded differently. The acidity of acid rain and acid rain interval had direct modulation effects on plant growth. We also found that there were interactions between acid rain pH and other acid rain characteristics (i.e., acid rain interval, mole ratio of S:N, and acid rain rate) and experimental characteristics (i.e., initial soil pH and plant exposure part), indicating that there were pH-dependent interaction patterns. Thus, an effective approach to evaluate and predict the effects of acid rain on plant growth is to fully consider the direct effects of acid rain pH and the interactions between acid rain pH and other factors.

人为驱动的酸性气体排放已在全球许多地区造成酸雨。尽管已经努力评估酸雨对陆地生态系统的影响，但缺乏对地上和地下植物生长相关性状的系统评估。因此，我们对来自 69 项独立研究的 755 项观察结果进行了系统发育控制的荟萃分析，以量化酸雨对植物六种生长相关性状的影响。我们估计了酸雨对植物生长的总体抑制作用，发现地上和地下植物部分的反应不同。酸雨的酸度和酸雨间隔对植物生长有直接的调节作用。我们还发现酸雨 pH 值与其他酸雨特征（即酸雨间隔、S:N 的摩尔比和酸雨率）和实验特征（即初始土壤 pH 值和植物暴露部分），表明存在 pH 依赖性相互作用模式。因此，评估和预测酸雨对植物生长影响的有效方法是充分考虑酸雨 pH 的直接影响以及酸雨 pH 与其他因素之间的相互作用。