Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an important human respiratory pathogen. In temperate regions, a distinct seasonality is observed, where peaks of infections typically occur in early winter, often preceding the annual influenza season. Infections are associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality and in some populations exceed that of influenza. Two subtypes, RSV-A and RSV-B, have been described, and molecular epidemiological studies have shown that both viruses mostly co-circulate. This trend also appears to be the case for Australia; however, previous genomic studies have been limited to cases from one Eastern state—New South Wales. As such, the broader spatial patterns and viral traffic networks across the continent are not known. Here, we conducted a whole-genome study of RSV comparing strains across eastern and Western Australia during the period January 2016 to June 2017. In total, 96 new RSV genomes were sequenced, compiled with previously generated data, and examined using a phylodynamic approach. This analysis revealed that both RSV-A and RSV-B strains were circulating, and each subtype was dominated by a single genotype, RSV-A ON1-like and RSV-B BA10-like viruses. Some geographical clustering was evident in strains from both states with multiple distinct sub-lineages observed and relatively low mixing across jurisdictions, suggesting that endemic transmission was likely seeded from imported, unsampled locations. Overall, the RSV phylogenies reflected a complex pattern of interactions across multiple epidemiological scales from fluid virus traffic across global and regional networks to fine-scale local transmission events.

中文翻译：

---

2016-17 年澳大利亚东西海岸呼吸道合胞病毒感染的时空动态

呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）是一种重要的人类呼吸道病原体。在温带地区，观察到明显的季节性，感染高峰通常发生在初冬，通常在年度流感季节之前。感染与高发病率和死亡率相关，并且在某些人群中超过流感。已经描述了两种亚型 RSV-A 和 RSV-B，分子流行病学研究表明两种病毒大多共同传播。澳大利亚似乎也是这种趋势；然而，以前的基因组研究仅限于东部一个州——新南威尔士州的病例。因此，整个非洲大陆更广泛的空间模式和病毒式交通网络尚不清楚。这里，我们在 2016 年 1 月至 2017 年 6 月期间对澳大利亚东部和西部的 RSV 菌株进行了全基因组研究。总共对 96 个新的 RSV 基因组进行了测序，使用先前生成的数据进行了编译，并使用系统动力学方法进行了检查。该分析表明，RSV-A 和 RSV-B 毒株都在传播，并且每个亚型都以单一基因型、RSV-A ON1 样病毒和 RSV-B BA10 样病毒为主。在来自两个州的菌株中，一些地理聚类很明显，观察到多个不同的亚谱系，并且跨辖区的混合相对较低，这表明地方性传播很可能是从进口的、未抽样的地点播种的。全面的，