Objectives Patients with psychiatric disorders have an increased risk of cardiovascular pathologies. A bidirectional feedback model between the brain and heart exists widely in both psychotic and nonpsychotic disorders. The aim of this study was to compare heart rate variability (HRV) and pulse wave velocity (PWV) functions between patients with psychotic and nonpsychotic disorders and to investigate whether subgroups defined by HRV and PWV features improve the transdiagnostic psychopathology of psychiatric classification. Methods In total, 3448 consecutive patients who visited psychiatric or psychological health services with psychotic (N = 1839) and nonpsychotic disorders (N = 1609) and were drug-free for at least 2 weeks were selected. HRV and PWV indicators were measured via finger photoplethysmography during a 5-minute period of rest. Canonical variates were generated through HRV and PWV indicators by canonical correlation analysis (CCA). Results All HRV indicators but none of the PWV indicators were significantly reduced in the psychotic group relative to those in the nonpsychotic group. After adjusting for age, gender, and body mass index, many indices of HRV were significantly reduced in the psychotic group compared with those in the nonpsychotic group. CCA analysis revealed 2 subgroups defined by distinct and relatively homogeneous patterns along HRV and PWV dimensions and comprising 19.0% (subgroup 1, n = 655) and 80.9% (subgroup 2, n = 2781) of the sample, each with distinctive features of HRV and PWV functions. Conclusions HRV functions are significantly impaired among psychiatric patients, especially in those with psychosis. Our results highlight important subgroups of psychiatric patients that have distinct features of HRV and PWV which transcend current diagnostic boundaries.

中文翻译：

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精神病性和非精神病性障碍中心率变异性和脉搏波速度的不平衡模型

目的 精神疾病患者发生心血管疾病的风险增加。大脑和心脏之间的双向反馈模型广泛存在于精神病和非精神病中。本研究的目的是比较精神病和非精神病患者之间的心率变异性 (HRV) 和脉搏波速度 (PWV) 功能，并调查由 HRV 和 PWV 特征定义的亚组是否改善了精神病学分类的跨诊断精神病理学。方法 总共选择了 3448 名连续就诊的患有精神病（N = 1839）和非精神病（N = 1609）并且至少 2 周没有使用药物的患者。HRV 和 PWV 指标在 5 分钟休息期间通过手指光电体积描记法测量。通过典型相关分析 (CCA) 通过 HRV 和 PWV 指标生成典型变量。结果与非精神病组相比，精神病组的所有HRV指标但没有PWV指标显着降低。在调整了年龄、性别和体重指数后，与非精神病组相比，精神病组的许多 HRV 指数显着降低。CCA 分析揭示了 2 个亚组，由沿 HRV 和 PWV 维度的不同且相对均匀的模式定义，占样本的 19.0%（亚组 1，n = 655）和 80.9%（亚组 2，n = 2781），每个亚组都具有 HRV 的独特特征和 PWV 函数。结论 精神病患者的 HRV 功能明显受损，尤其是精神病患者。