ABSTRACT

Currently, more than one hundred types of RNA modifications have been found, and many of these modifications are reversible and dynamically regulated. RNA modifications can regulate RNA stability and translation and are thus involved in multiple biological activities. Recently, RNA modifications have been shown to have important roles in the regulation of cell death. Cell death is a critical process that maintains tissue homoeostasis and is regulated by multiple pathways in response to specific stimuli. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the roles of RNA modifications in cell death mediation and discuss the prospects of such research.

Abbreviations: m⁶A, N⁶-Methyladenosine; m⁶Am, N⁶,2ʹ-O-Dimethyladenosine; m¹A, N₁-Methyladenosine; m⁵C, 5-Methylcytosine; hm⁵C, 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine; Ψ, pseudouridine; A-to-I, adenosine-to- inosine; hnRNPs, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins; MOMP, mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization; DD, death domain; DISC, death-inducing signalling complex; DED, death effector domain; FADD, FAS-associated protein with the death domain; TRADD, TNF receptor-associated protein with death domain; CMA, chaperone- mediated autophagy; PE, phosphatidylethanolamine; AD, alzheimer’s disease; AML, acute myeloid leukaemia; miR, microRNA; 6-OHDA, 6-hydroxydopamine hydrochloride; R-2HG, R-2-hydroxyglutarate; IRES, internal ribosome entry site; BMSCs, bone-derived mesenchymal stem cells; NPCs, nucleus pulposus cells; HsCG, human chorionic gonadotropin; snoRNAs, small nucleolar RNAs; ER, endoplasmic reticulum; lncRNAs, long noncoding RNAs; TNM, tumour-node-metastasis.

 抽象的

目前，已发现一百多种RNA修饰，其中许多修饰是可逆的、动态调控的。 RNA修饰可以调节RNA稳定性和翻译，从而参与多种生物活性。最近，RNA修饰已被证明在细胞死亡的调节中具有重要作用。细胞死亡是维持组织稳态的关键过程，并受到多种途径的调节以响应特定的刺激。在这篇综述中，我们总结了目前对 RNA 修饰在细胞死亡介导中的作用的理解，并讨论了此类研究的前景。

缩写： m ⁶ A，N ⁶ -甲基腺苷； m ⁶ Am，N ⁶ ,2ʹ-O-二甲基腺苷； m ¹ A，N _{1 -}甲基腺苷； m ⁵ C，5-甲基胞嘧啶； hm ⁵ C，5-羟甲基胞嘧啶； Ψ，假尿苷； A-I，腺苷-肌苷； hnRNP，异质核核糖核蛋白； MOMP，线粒体外膜透化； DD，死亡域； DISC，死亡诱导信号复合体； DED，死亡效应域； FADD，具有死亡结构域的 FAS 相关蛋白； TRADD，具有死亡结构域的 TNF 受体相关蛋白； CMA，伴侣介导的自噬； PE、磷脂酰乙醇胺； AD，阿尔茨海默病； AML，急性髓性白血病； miR、微小RNA； 6-OHDA，6-羟基多巴胺盐酸盐； R-2HG，R-2-羟基戊二酸； IRES，内部核糖体进入位点； BMSCs，骨源性间充质干细胞； NPC，髓核细胞； HsCG，人绒毛膜促性腺激素； snoRNA，小核仁 RNA； ER，内质网； lncRNA，长非编码RNA； TNM，肿瘤淋巴结转移。